Autoimmune diseases: targets, biology, and drug discovery  

作　　者：Shu-jie Li Yan-li Wu Juan-hua Chen Shi-yi Shen Jia Duan H.Eric Xu 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,201203,China [2]Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,Fuzhou,350000,China [3]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China [4]Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Zhongshan,528400,China [5]School of Life Science and Technology,Shanghai Tech University,Shanghai,201210,China

出　　处：《Acta Pharmacologica Sinica》2024年第4期674-685,共12页中国药理学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB37030103 to HEX);Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2019SHZDZX02 to HEX);Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (HEX);The National Natural Science Foundation of China (32130022, 82121005);the Lingang Laboratory Grant (LG-GG-202204-01 to HEX);the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0507002 to HEX).

摘　　要：Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) arise from a breakdown in immunological self-tolerance, wherein the adaptive immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, tissues and organs. AIDs impose excessive treatment costs and currently rely on non-specific and universal immunosuppression, which only offer symptomatic relief without addressing the underlying causes. AIDs are driven by autoantigens, targeting the autoantigens holds great promise in transforming the treatment of these diseases. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying different AIDs and the identification of specific autoantigens are critical. In this review, we categorize AIDs based on their underlying causes and compile information on autoantigens implicated in each disease, providing a roadmap for the development of novel immunotherapy regimens. We will focus on type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is an autoimmune disease characterized by irreversible destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the Langerhans islets of the pancreas. We will discuss insulin as possible autoantigen of T1D and its role in T1D pathogenesis. Finally, we will review current treatments of TID and propose a potentially effective immunotherapy targeting autoantigens.

关 键 词：autoimmune disease AUTOANTIGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY type 1 diabetes INSULIN drug discovery 

分 类 号：R593.2[医药卫生—内科学]