深层生物组织光学技术发展及其应用(特邀)  

Deep-Tissue Optics:Technological Development and Applications(Invited)

作　　者：赖溥祥 赵麒 周颖颖 程圣福 胡子敏 李焕浩 余志鹏 黄夏子 姚靖 庞未然 李浩然 黄浩梵 李文钊 郑源东 王志远 袁楚琪 仲天庭 Lai Puxiang;Zhao Qi;Zhou Yingying;Cheng Shengfu;Chi Man Woo;Li Huanhao;Yu Zhipeng;Huang Xiazi;Yao Jing;Pang Weiran;Li Haoran;Huang Haofan;Li Wenzhao;Zheng Yuandong;Wang Zhiyuan;Yuan Chuqi;Zhong Tianting(Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Kowloon 999077,Hong Kong,China;Shenzhen Research Institute,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;Photonics Research Institute,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Kowloon 999077,Hong Kong,China;Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Kowloon 999077,Hong Kong,China)

机构地区：[1]香港理工大学生物医学工程系,中国香港九龙999077 [2]香港理工大学深圳研究院,广东深圳518055 [3]香港理工大学光子技术研究院,中国香港九龙999077 [4]香港理工大学体育科技研究院,中国香港九龙999077

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第1期330-353,共24页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81930048);香港研究资助局研究基金(15217721,R5029-19,C7074-21GF);香港创新科技署粤港科技合作资助计划(GHP/043/19SZ,GHP/044/19GD);广东省自然科学基金(2019BT02X105);深圳市科创委科技计划基金(JCYJ20220818100202005);香港理工大学高等研究院基金(P0038180,P0039517,P0043485,P0045762)。

摘　　要：光学技术在生物医学中扮演着越来越重要的角色,其非电离辐射、高分辨率、高对比度和对生物组织异变高度灵敏等特性使其非常适用于生物组织的研究,包括成像、传感、治疗、刺激以及控制等。然而由于光折射因子在生物组织中的分布是不均匀的,光在生物组织中的传播会受到很强的散射影响,故纯光学技术的穿透深度和空间分辨率是“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”;高分辨率光学成像应用仅限于样品浅表层,当成像深度增加时分辨率急剧下降。实现光在深层生物组织里的高分辨率成像或应用是人们期盼已久的目标。近年来,为解决这一问题,研究者提出了不同的方法,例如切换到更长的光波长以减小组织散射系数,在信号检测时将漫射光转换为散射不明显的超声信号,逆转或者预先补偿由光的多次散射所带来的相位畸变,或借助光纤等微创光学通道实现深层生物组织的高分辨率光学成像、刺激等。基于团队在深层生物组织光学相关领域多年的耕耘,从光在生物组织中的传播特性出发,梳理和总结了近年来研究人员在光-声结合和光学波前整形技术等方面展开的诸多探索,以及在生物组织操控、成像、光学计算以及人工智能等领域中的应用尝试。虽然尚有诸多不足,但随着硬件设备的更新和计算技术的发展,在不远的将来有望实现活体深层生物组织光学高分辨率应用。在这一求索过程中,新方法和新能力将不断激发新的应用灵感,为光学尤其是生物医学光子学带来全新的理念和机遇。Significance Optics,which is a significant sub-discipline of physics,focuses on the study of the phenomena,properties,and applications of light.Optics has evolved into an independent discipline over time.Optical imaging plays a crucial role in optical research by utilizing the phenomena and properties of light to record images of objects.Optical imaging has extensive applications in diverse fields,including astronomy,medicine,communication,and photography.For example,with the ongoing advancements in biomedical research,optical imaging has progressively showcased its distinctive advantages.First,optical imaging offers high resolution that is free from ionizing radiation,making it safer than X-rays or gamma rays that pose the potential risk of cancer.In addition,optical imaging can be flexibly configured to provide rich biomedical information based on the amplitude,phase,wavelength,polarization,and other characteristics of light.Another advantage of optics is their exceptional sensitivity,which enables the precise and sensitive detection of interactions between light and tissue components or molecules.Finally,the application of contrast agents further enhances the imaging specificity and contrast,thereby improving the visualization of desired targets and opening new avenues for disease diagnosis and treatment.These have spurred the development of a vast range of high-resolution optical imaging technologies,such as confocal microscope,multiphoton microscope,and super-resolution imaging,which have been achieved by exciting fluorescence signals and/or utilizing gating or nonlinear optical effects in tissue samples.However,these implementations without exception have encountered fundamental challenges in thick biological tissues.This limitation stems from the strong scattering of light in tissue due to the inherent inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the refractive index of the medium encompassing diverse tissue constituents and functions.As a result,when light propagates within biological tissues,the light beam spre

关 键 词：生物光学 光学成像 生物医学光子学 深层组织 光学波前整形 光声成像 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]