全球总闪电的天基光学实时探测技术综述  

Review of Real-Time Space-Based Optical Detection Technology for Global Total Lightning

作　　者：鲍书龙[1] 李欢[2] 孙凡 陆风[4] 张志清 陈晓杰 唐绍凡[1] 梁华[2] 赵艳华[2] Bao Shulong;Li Huan;Sun Fan;Lu Feng;Zhang Zhiqing;Chen Xiaojie;Tang Shaofan;Liang Hua;Zhao Yanhua(Environmental Resources and Meteorological Observation Field Office,Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Infrared Camera Research Department,Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Technology Management Department,Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;National Satellite Meteorological Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;FengYun Meteorological Satellite Engineering Management,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Meteorological Environment Satellite General Department,Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology,Shanghai 201100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所环境资源与气象探测领域办,北京100094 [2]北京空间机电研究所红外相机研究室,北京100094 [3]北京空间机电研究所科技处,北京100094 [4]中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [5]中国气象局风云气象卫星工程管理办公室,北京100081 [6]上海航天技术研究院气象环境卫星总体部,上海201100

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第2期62-82,共21页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：风云四号科研试验卫星工程。

摘　　要：强对流天气是发生最频繁、影响最广泛的气象灾害,造成了巨大经济损失,严重威胁人民和社会安全,更是航空航天和信息通信等技术领域的重大威胁。闪电作为全球性强对流天气的典型要素,对强对流具有重要指示作用,因此闪电探测和强对流预警预报成为天基遥感的重要任务之一。系统地总结了闪电危害,闪电探测体系的发展历程和现状,天基闪电光学探测的技术难点、实现途径和发展现状;同时详细阐述了我国FY-4A闪电成像仪技术实现途径及在轨应用成果。FY-4A闪电成像仪利用时间滤波、空间滤波、超窄带光谱滤波、星上时空域多维融合点目标检测等多维技术实现了天基闪电光学探测载荷的研制与在轨应用,国内气象部门和众多科研院所利用FY-4A闪电成像仪的闪电探测结果实现了强对流灾害的精确预警预报,产生了重大经济效益与社会效益。最后,针对目前闪电探测体系存在的问题,分析了我国未来天基闪电探测系统的发展趋势,为我国后续闪电探测发展提供了参考。Significance Severe convective disasters are the most frequent and widely affected meteorological disasters,causing huge economic losses and posing a serious threat to people and social security.They are also a major threat to new technological fields such as aerospace and information communication.Lightning,as a typical element of global severe convective weather,plays an important role in indicating and warning strong convection.Therefore,lightning detection and warning of severe convective disasters have become one of the important tasks of space remote sensing.Lightning detection systems mainly include ground-based and space-based detection systems.The ground-based lightning detection system mainly detects and locates broadband electromagnetic radiation signals emitted by lightning strikes,with detection spectral bands mainly including very low frequency(VLF),low frequency(LF),and very high frequency(VHF)bands.The ground-based lightning detection system has developed early and matured in technology,forming a relatively complete business system that plays an important role in lightning warning and forecasting.However,due to the discontinuous station layout of the ground-based lightning detection system and the barrier in mountainous areas,it is unable to effectively carry out uninterrupted lightning detection globally,especially in marine and mountainous areas.In order to overcome the limitations of ground-based lightning detection,space-based lightning detection technology has rapidly developed.The space-based lightning detection system has advantages such as large coverage range and is not limited by ground conditions.Among them,geostationary orbit lightning detection has unique advantages such as 24-hour uninterrupted and high real-time performance,and has become the main direction of international research on space-based lightning detection.It is a priority for the development of space-based lightning detection methods.The ground-based lightning detection system,low orbit and high orbit space-based lightni

关 键 词：强对流灾害 天基闪电光学探测 时空多维融合 预警预报 闪电探测综述 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]