面向分布式传感的散射增强光纤研究进展  

Research Progress in Scattering Enhanced Optical Fibers for Distributed Sensing

作　　者：谭滔 田野[1,2] 张建中 Tan Tao;Tian Ye;Zhang Jianzhong(Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China;Fiber Optical Sensing Center for Eccellence,Yantai Research Institute,Harbin Engineering University,Yantai 264006,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学物理与光电工程学院纤维集成光学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院先进光纤传感技术研发中心,山东烟台264006

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第1期201-213,共13页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61775045,62005063);黑龙江省杰出青年自然科学基金(JQ2022F001);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2802202);中央高校基本科研业务费。

摘　　要：基于光纤后向散射的光纤传感技术具有全分布、长距离等特点,在诸多领域受到广泛关注,被认为是一种变革性技术。散射光随着传输距离增加逐渐减弱,信噪比降低导致感知性能下降,成为限制其在长距离应用的主要因素。通过光纤掺杂、写入弱光栅等方式增加光纤散射强度可以有效缓解该问题。然而对于数千米的超长距应用,散射增加意味光纤损耗的增强,通过增加散射来提升信噪比的方法失效。本课题组提出一种增加光纤后向散射强度但不增加光纤本征损耗的散射收集能力增强光纤。本文分别从增强光纤散射能力和增强后向收集能力两个方向总结了散射增强光纤的几种方法,论述了各种方法的优缺点,并进行了简要展望。Significance Fiber optic sensing technology has been widely applied in multiple fields and has received good feedback due to its advantages of strong anti-interference ability,small size,high sensitivity,long transmission distance,and intrinsic safety.Distributed sensing technology(OTDR,Φ-OTDR,and OFDR)based on Rayleigh scattering can achieve long-distance,large-scale,and multi-parameter monitoring,which has attracted more attention in applications.With the increasing demand for monitoring length and range in various application fields,the traditional methods of increasing light source power and detector detection limit have reached their peaks in increasing the system distance.The development of new scattering enhancement methods is urgent,so as to enhance the sensing distance of distributed sensing technology.Progress We review several ways to enhance the scattering light in fibers by enhancing their scattering coefficients and backscattering ability from the perspective of fibers,as well as the limitations and application scenarios of these methods.We also provide a detailed introduction to the latest scattering enhancement method,which enhances scattering by enhancing the backward collection coefficient and has potential development prospects in future distributed sensing.Conclusions and Prospects The research progress of fiber optic scattering enhancement methods is as follows.1)Enhancing fiber scattering by increasing the scattering coefficient.It is commonly used to increase the scattering coefficient of optical fibers through irradiation,microstructure,and nanoparticle doping to enhance the Rayleigh backscattering light of the fibers.The irradiation method is to increase the refractive index disturbance in the fiber by ultraviolet or radiation irradiation.It is simple to operate and has continuous scattering enhancement.However,it will increase the loss of the optical fiber and reduce the sensing distance.At the same time,the preparation speed of the optical fiber is slow,requiring the removal of the coa

关 键 词：光纤光学 分布式传感 散射增强光纤 辐照光纤 微结构光纤 掺杂光纤 超长锥形光纤 

分 类 号：TN253[电子电信—物理电子学]