“从0到1”的基础研究内涵、过程与关键问题  

The Connotations,Process and Key Issues of Basic Research from"Zero to One"

作　　者：张晓旭[1] 周文泳[1] 胡雯[2] Zhang Xiaoxu;Zhou Wenyong;Hu Wen(School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Institute of Information,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092 [2]上海社会科学院信息研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2024年第8期1-10,共10页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：上海市“科技创新行动计划”软科学研究基金项目(22692100600,20692102200)。

摘　　要：加强“从0到1”的基础研究是实现高水平科技自立自强的必然要求,然而,科学共同体和实践领域对其概念尚未形成统一认识。以范式转移为切入点,引入科学知识网络,系统阐释“从0到1”的基础研究内涵,指出范式转移、开拓性、非共识性是其区别于其它基础研究的重要特征。研究表明:①范式转移程度和科学价值水平是判断基础研究原创性的两个重要维度,通过二维四象限法可将“从0到1”的基础研究划分为重大型、价值型、转变型和微创型4类;②在科学知识网络中,“从0到1”的基础研究过程分为潜在核心节点探索和核心节点形成两个阶段,核心节点的出现兼具规律性和偶然性,核心节点存在差异且会发展变化。明确“从0到1”的基础研究概念和特征对于有效发挥科研评价的筛选与导向功能、优化基础研究资助模式以及构建促进原创的科学建制具有关键作用。The world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century.A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is in full swing.In order to achieve the goal of a global innovation leader,ensure the autonomy and controllability of core technologies in key areas,and achieve high-level development of science and technology,it is necessary to strengthen basic research from"zero to one".However,the scientific community and practitioners have not yet developed a clear and unified understanding of basic research from"zero to one"and its originality,which exerts negative impacts on scientific institutions and research evaluation systems.The conceptual ambiguity of originality is the key reason for the above issues,and the fundamental cause is that it is difficult to distinguish between originality and novelty.Thus,this paper aims to differentiate originality from novelty,and enhance the understanding of basic research from"zero to one"among the scientific community and policy practitioners.With paradigm shifts as a starting point,this paper clearly explains the concept of originality by introducing the scientific knowledge network.Further,the connotations,characteristics,classifications and process of basic research from"zero to one"are also interpreted.The paper yields four main conclusions.First,it refines paradigm shifts and originality.A paradigm shift is interpreted as the reconstruction or even subversion of currently accepted principles,theoretical systems,thinking models,methodologies and values to a certain extent.The precondition of a paradigm shift is that existing paradigms cannot effectively explain new problems or new phenomena.Originality is the ability to create unique scientific knowledge that has never appeared before with a high degree of novelty and great importance.The key difference of originality from novelty is that the former is related to a new paradigm,but the latter is not.Second,basic research from"zero to one"is experimental or theoretical work reconstructing,or even s

关 键 词：原创性 基础研究 范式转移 开拓性 非共识性 科学知识网络 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]