废弃矿井酸性废水治理和风险管控研究  

Study on Acid Wastewater Treatment and Risk Control in Abandoned

作　　者：张娇 谢腾蛟 王晓龙 廖禄云 钟昌茂 王承俊 Mine ZHANG Jiao;XIE Teng-jiao;WANG Xiao-long;LIAO Lu-yun;ZHONG Chang-mao;WANG Cheng-jun(Sichuan Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation Group Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China;Sichuan Tianyuan Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610036,China;Ecological Environment Bureau of,Chaotian District Guangyuan,Guangyuan,Sichuan 628000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司,成都610000 [2]四川省天源环保股份有限公司,成都610036 [3]广元市朝天生态环境局,四川广元628000

出　　处：《四川环境》2024年第2期65-71,共7页Sichuan Environment

摘　　要：在矿产资源开采过程中,矿井不仅会改变原有地下水补径排系统,同时矿井内流出的地下水携带重金属离子、硫酸根离子及悬浮物等将对周围环境造成严重污染。对此,以四川某废弃煤矿为研究对象,提出废弃矿井酸性废水治理技术,该技术基于对酸性矿井水成因的系统性分析,对具有不同涌水特征的矿井分别采取矿井封隔和多级次曝气沉淀风险管控处理技术,进而促进酸性矿井水向自我修复方向演化,以实现地表水与地下水污染的治理。采用该技术后,矿区内地下水水质和水位逐渐恢复,地下水生态环境逐渐改善,2#矿井pH值由2.73增大到7.65,水的酸碱性由酸性变为中性,同时铁含量显著降低,含量值由最初的970mg/L降低至62.6mg/L,下降了93.5%;而4#矿井的水位在监测120天后上升了约50m且保持相对稳定。同时,通过跌水、曝气等风险管控措施后,进入下游流域的污染物浓度下降,特别是地表水中铁含量及浊度显著降低,生态环境逐渐得到改善。该技术成功解决了如何实现酸性矿井涌水经济、有效和可持续治理难题,为矿区水污染修复和风险管控提供参考。In the mining process,the mine will not only change the original groundwater recharge,runoff and drainage system,but also cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment due to the groundwater from the mine,which carries heavy metal ions,sulfate ions and suspended solids.For this,an abandoned coal mine in Sichuan province was taken as a research object in this paper,with a treatment technology for acidic wastewater from the abandoned mine proposed.This technology was based on a systematic analysis on the genesis of acidic mine water.For mines with different water burst characteristics,the mine containment and multi-level aeration sedimentation risk control techniques were adopted,thereby promoting the evolution of acidic mine water towards self-repair and achieving coordinated prevention and control of surface water pollution and groundwater pollution.By adopting this technology,the groundwater quality and water level in the mining area gradually recovered,and the groundwater ecological environment gradually improved.The pH value of the mine 2#increased from 2.73 to 7.65,and acidic water was changed to the neutral one.At the same time,the iron content significantly decreased from the initial 970 mg/L to 62.6 mg/L,a decrease of 93.5%.The water level of the mine 4#increased by about 50 m and remained relatively stable after 120 days of monitoring.At the same time,with risk control measures such as head drop and aeration,the concentration of pollutants entering the downstream watershed decreased,especially the significant reduction of iron content and turbidity in surface water,and the ecological environment gradually improved.This technology has successfully achieved economy,efficiency,and sustainable management of acid mine water burst,providing reference for water pollution remediation and risk control in mining areas.

关 键 词：废弃矿区 地下水污染 污染修复 风险管控 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]