花蕾期施肥对冰糖橙生长发育和果实品质形成的影响  

Effects of Fertilization at the Budding Stage on the Growth and Fruit Quality Formation of 'Bingtang' Sweet Orange

作　　者：粟芳 李菲菲[2] 龙立长 肖海卫 向孝华 王聪田 庄志勇[2] 周铁 SU Fang;LI Fei-fei;LONG Li-chang;XIAO Hai-wei;XIANG Xiao-hua;WANG Cong-tian;ZHUANG Zhi-yong;ZHOU Tie(Hongjiang Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hongjiang 418100,PRC;Hunan Horticultural Research Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]洪江市农业农村局,湖南洪江418100 [2]湖南省园艺研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第3期54-58,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172520、32102313);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26);湘财农指[2022]67号;科技特派员服务乡村振兴项目(2022NK4222)。

摘　　要：为探索花蕾期提早施用稳果肥对冰糖橙树体生长发育和果实品质的影响,以常规管理方式中花后10 d施肥为对照(CK),露白后开花前的花蕾期施肥替代稳果肥为处理,分析比较了春梢长度、春梢粗度、叶片形态、叶片叶绿素SPAD值、叶片色泽、果实外观品质和内在品质等指标。结果表明:花蕾期施肥后,春梢长度和粗度显著高于CK,叶长、叶宽相较CK显著提升14.5%~27.2%和18.6%~331.7%,叶绿素SPAD值显著增加7.1%~15.2%,叶片转绿老熟更快。花蕾期施肥促进了柑橘细胞的分裂和果实增大,5月中旬至6月上旬幼果横径为13.91~21.67 mm,单果重为1.83~5.95 g,显著高于CK;膨大期果实横径和单果重显著增加了7.2%和26.7%,可滴定酸含量比CK高0.39个百分点;进入果实转色期,果实横径和单果重显著比CK高5.8%和17.7%,可滴定酸含量比CK高0.39个百分点;果实达到成熟期时,果实横径和单果重仍比CK高3.4%和13.1%,且成熟果实着色更饱满,果面光亮,果皮橙黄,但果实内在品质并无显著差异。因此,花蕾期提早施用稳果肥更有利于加速春梢发育和增进果实膨大。This study aims to explore the effects of early application of fruit-setting fertilizer at the budding stage on the growth,development,and fruit quality formation of'Bingtang'sweet orange,with the conventional fertilization of 10 days after flowering as the control(CK).The shoot length,shoot thickness,leaf morphology,leaf chlorophyll SPAD value,leaf color,fruit appearance quality,and fruit internal quality were determined and compared.The results showed that the group with fertilizer application at the budding stage had higher shoot length and shoot thickness than CK.The fertilizer application at the budding stage increased the leaf length,leaf width,and leaf chlorophyll SPAD value by 14.5%-27.2%,18.6%-331.7%,and 7.1%-15.2%,respectively,compared with CK,which indicated faster leaf maturity.Fertilizer application at the budding stage promoted cell division and enlargement of the fruit.From mid-May to early June,the early fertilization group showed the fruit diameter and fruit weight ranges of 13.91-21.67 mm and 1.83-5.95 g,respectively,both significantly higher than those in the CK group.Compared with the CK,the early fertilization group showed the fruit diameter,fruit weight,and titratable acid content increases of 7.2%,26.7%,and 0.39 percentage points,respectively,at the fruit enlargement stage and 5.8%,17.7%,and 0.39 percentage points,respectively,at the fruit color changing stage.At the mature stage,the fruit diameter and weight in the early fertilization group were 3.4%and 13.1%,respectively,higher than those in the CK group.Moreover,the mature fruits exhibited more vibrant color,with glossy orange-yellow peels.However,the internal fruit quality had no significant difference between groups.Therefore,early application of fruit-setting fertilizer at the budding stage was beneficial for accelerating shoot development and enhancing fruit enlargement.

关 键 词：冰糖橙 花蕾期 稳果肥 生长发育 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666.406.2[农业科学—果树学]