金属基磷化物纳米材料制备与电催化应用研究进展  

Research Advances of Metal-based Phosphide Nanomaterials Toward Electrocatalytic Applications

作　　者：刘卉[1] 杨牛娃 马梦圆 田少囡 张玉[1] 杨军[1,2] LIU Hui;YANG Niuwa;MA Mengyuan;TIAN Shaonan;ZHANG Yu;YANG Jun(State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所介科学与工程全国重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学材料科学与光电技术研究中心,北京100049

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第8期1-17,共17页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22075290,22272179);北京自然科学基金(Z200012)。

摘　　要：处于纳米尺度的磷化物及其与贵金属构成的复合材料具有独特的物理和化学性质,在电催化领域有广泛应用。例如,在甲醇电催化氧化反应中,由于磷(P)比金属铂(Pt)或钯(Pd)等具有更大的电负性,金属原子的外层电子被P吸引而偏向P原子,从而间接提高了Pt或Pd对CO类中间产物的耐受性;在电解水析氢反应中,P可以作为质子受体,增强H^(+)在金属上的吸附,从而促进析氢反应;在电解水析氧反应中,金属基磷化物容易被氧化成氧化物和氢氧化物,从而形成氧化物/氢氧化物-磷化物界面,进一步促进析氧反应。纳米颗粒的催化性能很大程度上取决于催化剂的结构、组分、组分之间的相互作用以及活性位点的电子结构,因此,对金属基磷化物基纳米复合材料的这些性质进行合理调控是提升其电催化性能的关键。本文所综述的材料范围包含金属基磷化物本身及其与贵金属构成的纳米复合材料,首先概括介绍金属基磷化物基纳米复合材料的合成方法和表征技术,进而阐述如何利用复合材料中晶格应变和电子耦合等物理效应提升电催化活性和稳定性。最后,围绕金属基磷化物基纳米复合材料电催化性能进一步提升的问题,对其未来合成策略和发展进行展望。Nanometer sized metal phosphides and their nanocomposites with noble metals have unique physical/chemical properties that have been found wide applications in electrocatalysis.For instance,in methanol oxidation reaction,the shift of electron clouds from noble metals,e.g.Pt and Pd,to the phosphor(P)due to larger electronegativity of the latter would enhance thetolerance of noble metals for the CO-like interme-diates produced during methanol oxidation.Also,in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)of electrocatalytic water splitting,the P element in the phosphide-based nanocomposites could strengthen the H^(+) adsorption by serving as proton acceptor,thus promoting the HER.In addition,in oxygen evolution reaction(OER),the metal phosphides could be easily transformed into metal oxides/hydroxides for forming metal phosphide-metal oxide/hydroxide interfaces that is capable to boost the OER.It is well known that the catalytic performance of a catalyst strongly depends on its structure,components and their interactions as well as the electronic configuration of the active sites.In this context,rational regulation of the above-mentioned properties of metal phosphide-based nanocomposites is of necessity to improve their electrocatalytic performance.It is noteworthy that the materials in this review include metal phosphides and their nanocomposites with different nobles.We would firstly introduce the synthesis and characterization of metal phosphide-based nanocomposites,and subsequently,we focus on reviewing recent advances and challenges in making use of the lattice strain effect and electronic coupling effect to boost the performance of metal phosphide-based nanocomposites in typical electrochemical reactions.Eventually,regarding further improvement in elecrtocatalytic performance,we make some perspectives on the future synthetic strategies and development of the metal phosphide-based nanocomposites.

关 键 词：金属基磷化物 纳米复合材料 电催化 甲醇氧化反应 析氢反应 析氧反应 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]