协同创新理论下中国国家实验室建设路径探索——基于美国能源部国家实验室的经验启示  

Exploration of Construction Path of China National Laboratory Under the Collaborative Innovation Theory:Based on Empirical Lessons from the National Laboratories of the US Department of Energy

作　　者：李建强[1] 杨正宜 李昊 Li Jianqiang;Yang Zhengyi;Li Hao(Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621022,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Chalmers University of Technology,Gothenburg 41281,Sweden)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院,四川绵阳621022 [2]中国科学院,北京100190 [3]瑞典查尔姆斯理工大学,哥德堡41281

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2024年第6期42-55,共14页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“科学家精神内涵蕴与践行路径研究”(22BDJ066)。

摘　　要：为推进中国国家实验室的开放和协同创新,运用协同创新理论,基于对美国能源部国家实验室协同创新的实践经验分析,结合中国当前面临被西方主要国家技术封锁的严峻形势,探讨协同创新促进中国国家实验室建设的路径。协同创新包含了多方创新主体、共同目标、优势互补和合理分工、复杂的相互作用和整体协同效应等五方面的核心要素,其结构从简单无序布局向高级有序组织变革转变为网络化创新结构,因此要确保协同创新成果实现,需要充分考虑不同主体之间的利益平衡和风险控制等因素。美国能源部国家实验室具有明确的战略目标与使命、充足的财政投入与多元化经费来源、高效的管理运行机制、人员组成多元化的强大科研团队,其发展总体呈现开放化、网络化的对外合作趋势,在协同创新方面形成了强化战略导向和目标聚焦、深化产学研合作、建立高效的协同机制、强化人才培养和团队建设,以及鼓励创新、营造宽容失败的文化氛围等经验举措。借鉴美国经验,深化国际合作和加强内部合作是应对挑战、促进国家实验室建设的两翼。因此,应对当前西方国家技术封锁,中国国家实验室建设须毫不动摇地坚持开放共享与合作交流的理念,强化顶层设计与政策引导,深化产学研用合作,建立高效协同机制,实现多领域协同创新、引领学科交叉创新,并积极融入创新联合体建设,弘扬科学家精神、营造鼓励创新探索的科研文化氛围。With the rapid development of technology and the advancement of globalization,collaborative innovation has become a key factor in promoting the development of national laboratories.Collaborative innovation not only helps to integrate resources from all parties and improve research efficiency,but also promotes the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements.In order to promote the openness and collaborative innovation of China's national laboratories,using the theory of collaborative innovation,based on the practical experience analysis of collaborative innovation in the US Department of Energy's national laboratories,and combined with the severe situation of China's current technological blockade by major Western countries,this paper explores the path of collaborative innovation to promote the construction of China's national laboratories.Collaborative innovation includes five core elements:multiple innovation entities,common goals,complementary advantages and reasonable division of labor,complex interactions,and overall collaborative effects.Its structure has transformed from a simple and disorderly layout to a high-level and orderly organizational transformation into a networked innovation structure.Therefore,to ensure the achievement of collaborative innovation results,it is necessary to fully consider factors such as the balance of interests and risk control among different entities.The National Laboratory of the US Department of Energy has clear strategic goals and missions,sufficient financial investment and diversified funding sources,efficient management and operation mechanisms,and a strong research team with diverse personnel composition.Its overall development shows an open and networked trend of external cooperation.In terms of collaborative innovation,it has formed experience measures such as strengthening strategic orientation and goal focus,deepening industry university research cooperation,establishing efficient collaborative mechanisms,strengthening talent cultivat

关 键 词：国家实验室 美国能源部实验室 协同创新 开放共享 网络化 多元化 国际科技合作 美国经验 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学] G301