我国水稻辐射诱变育种研究进展  

Progress on radiation-induced mutation breeding of rice in China

作　　者：丁佳宁 周利斌[1,2] DING Jianing;ZHOU Libin(Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院近代物理研究所,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2024年第2期1-17,共17页Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1200705);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B0202060006);核能开发科研项目“核辐射作物品种改良与害虫防控”;国家自然科学基金(11975285、12135016)资助。

摘　　要：水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是主要粮食作物之一,其品种改良对我国农业可持续发展和粮食安全至关重要。辐射诱变技术为改良高产、优质、抗逆的水稻品种提供了有效途径,为种业自主创新作出了重要贡献。本文综述了近二十余年来水稻辐射诱变各类辐射源的应用,选育方法体系,辐射诱发突变的分子机理,水稻产量、抗性、品质等各类表型及相关基因突变体和获得的新品种等领域所取得的研究进展,并对未来使用辐射诱变技术为我国培育产量更高、适应性更强、品质更优的水稻新品种与创制更多用于基因功能研究的新种质等应用前景进行了展望。Rice(Oryza sativa L.)holds significant importance as a staple food crop,and its continual improvement plays a crucial role in sustainable advancement of agriculture and food security in China.Radiation mutagenesis technology offers an effective approach for breeding high-yield,superior-quality,and stress-resistant rice varieties,thereby contributing positively to the independent innovation of China's seed industry.This study provides a comprehensive review on the progress and notable achievements made in the field of radiation-induced mutation breeding of rice in China over the past two decades.It encompasses various aspects,including the application of various types of radiation sources for radiation mutagenesis in rice,establishment of reliable screening methods,progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced mutation,particularly through genomic variation studies.Additionally,the study highlights the development of a rice mutant bank comprising diverse phenotypes such as yield,resistance,and quality,along with the identification of related gene mutations.Furthermore,it discusses the creation of new varieties through radiation mutagenesis.Looking ahead,this technology will further contribute to the cultivation of higher yielding rice varieties adaptable to different environments and possess superior quality,while also creating new germplasms for gene function research in China.

关 键 词：水稻 辐射 诱变育种 γ 射线 重离子束 

分 类 号：Q691[生物学—生物物理学]