基于利益相关者的海洋自然保护区管理有效性评价研究  

A study on the management effectiveness evaluation of marine nature reserves based on stakeholders

作　　者：王晓梅[1,2,3] 樊恩源 沈体雁[2,3] 沈城[4] WANG Xiaomei;FAN Enyuan;SHEN Tiyan;SHEN Cheng(Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;School of Government,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Public Governance,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve,Guangdong Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院,北京100141 [2]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871 [3]北京大学公共治理研究所,北京100871 [4]广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《中国渔业经济》2024年第2期1-11,共11页Chinese Fisheries Economics

基　　金：北京大学公共治理研究所学术团队建设重点支持项目“现代城市治理研究”(TDXM202104);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费“中美河流型自然保护区管理体制差异研究”(2016C006);“水生生物多样性及水域环境保护创新团队项目”(2020TD11)资助。

摘　　要：海洋自然保护区管理有效性评价是发现保护区管理问题,分析成因,寻求解决方案和提升管理成效的重要手段。本研究基于利益相关者视角,以广东省两个国家级海洋自然保护区为案例,通过实地考察和半结构访谈,研究分析海洋自然保护区管理有效性。结果表明,我国海洋自然保护区涉及的利益相关者包括政府类、事业单位类、企业类、非政府组织类和居民类等,通过管理有效性评价发现案例保护区存在执法权缺失、人员编制不足、规划协调不够以及保护与渔民生产生活相冲突等问题,需保护区管理者与各利益相关者协同解决。建议完善保护区管理者评价与奖惩机制;将保护区管理指标纳入各级政府考评体系;完善科研机构与保护区科技合作和数据共享机制;促进社区公众等利益主体与保护区形成海洋保护利益共同体。通过推动多种利益主体相互协作,共同提升海洋自然保护区管理有效性。Management effectiveness evaluation is an important method to discover management problems,analyze the causes,seek solutions and improve management effectiveness of marine nature reserves(MNRs).Based on the stakeholder perspective,this study takes two national MNRs in Guangdong Province as cases to study and analyze the management effectiveness through field investigation and semi-structured interview.The results indicate that the stakeholders involved in China's marine nature reserves include government,public institutions,enterprises,non-governmental organizations,and residents.Through the management effectiveness evaluation,it is found that there are problems including lack of law enforcement authority,insufficient staff number,poorly coordinated comprehensive planning,and serious conflicts with fishermen in both of the two MNRs.Therefore,it is necessary for MNRs managers to work with various stakeholders to solve these problems.It is suggested to improve the evaluation,reward and punishment mechanism for the MNRs managers,incorporate the protection objectives into the assessment system for governments at all levels,improve the mechanism of scientific and technological coopera tion and data sharing between scientific research institutions and MNRs,and build a community of interests between MNR and stakeholders.The management effectiveness of MNRs could be improved by promoting cooperation among various stakeholders.

关 键 词：海洋自然保护区 渔业资源养护 管理有效性 评价指标 

分 类 号：F326.403[经济管理—产业经济]