动车组头车声固耦合模态分析及多目标优化  

Structure-acoustic coupling modal analysis and multi-objective optimization of an EMU head car

作　　者：于洋 曹启军[2] 刘春艳 陈秉智 于春洋[1] YU Yang;CAO Qijun;LIU Chunyan;CHEN Bingzhi;YU Chunyang(CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicle Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130021,China;College of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,长春130021 [2]大连交通大学机车车辆工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第8期238-247,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12102076);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKQZ20222469)。

摘　　要：目前针对高速列车领域声固耦合共振现象的产生机理和影响因素尚缺乏深入探讨,并且基于声固耦合共振理论的车体优化设计也需进一步开展。该研究基于模态等效和质量等效原则建立动车组头车有限元模型,分别进行结构模态、声场模态和考虑内外声场影响的声固耦合模态分析。分析结果表明:结构模态频率符合头车设计规范;声场模态存在与结构模态相近的特征频率,为后续耦合共振优化提供依据;内外声场的耦合作用导致结构和声场系统的模态参数变化,论证了模态分析中考虑声固耦合因素的必要性。基于模态分析结果,对动车组头车结构进行了两项优化设计:以车体质量最小化为目标,车身厚度为设计变量,在满足一阶垂弯模态频率约束条件下进行车体减重设计;为避免耦合共振影响,提取结构和声场固有频率值接近的模态阶次,将二者的频率差最大化作为优化目标,引入车体减重设计模型,形成头车轻量化与舒适性指标同步提升的多目标优化体系。Currently,the generation mechanism and influencing factors of the structure-acoustic coupling resonance phenomenon in the realm of high-speed trains have not been thoroughly examined.Furthermore,the corresponding optimization design based on the structure-acoustic theory needs to be further developed.Based on the principles of modal and mass equivalence,a finite element model was established for the head car of electric multiple units(EMU)in this paper.The modal analysis of the structural,acoustic,and structure-acoustic coupling systems was performed where the coupling influence of internal and external sound fields was taken into account.The results of the finite element analysis show that the modal frequencies of the structure conform to the relevant design standards.The acoustic frequency at a certain order closely aligns with the structural one,providing a reference for the subsequent coupling resonance optimization.The variation of the modal parameters demonstrates the necessity of considering the structure-acoustic coupling.Finally,based on the modal analysis results,two optimization designs were implemented for the head car:the first one aims to lighten the weight with adjusting the thicknesses of various areas,adhering to the constraint of the frequency of the first-order vertical bending structural mode;the second seeks to mitigate the effects of coupling resonance where a multi-objective optimization model is formulated aiming at maximizing the frequency difference between the structural and acoustic modes and minimizing the vehicle mass.

关 键 词：动车组(EMU) 声固耦合模态 耦合共振 轻量化设计 多目标优化 

分 类 号：U266.2[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.2[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程] TB115[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]