锤片式秸秆加工机械噪声研究  

Research on Mechanical Noise of Hammer Straw Processing

作　　者：高波 翟之平[1] 兰月政[1] 赵宇[1] 周强 GAO Bo;ZHAI Zhiping;LAN Yuezheng;ZHAO Yu;ZHOU Qiang(Inner Mongol University of Technology,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第8期43-49,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目[52165034];内蒙古自治区科技计划项目[2019];内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目[NJZY22364]。

摘　　要：农作物秸秆经过揉丝、粉碎、铡切等加工处理后可以作为饲料、肥料、工业原料或燃料等使用。对秸秆进行多种加工的锤片式秸秆加工机械普遍存在振动与噪声大的问题,制约了该类机械向高品质方向发展。文章总结了锤片式秸秆加工机械噪声特点,即该类机械工作时同时存在气动噪声与振动噪声,其中气动噪声主要由锤片式转子旋转扰动内部流场产生的离散噪声以及流场中涡流和边界层的吸附与分离产生的宽频噪声组成;振动噪声主要由不平衡转子传递到机壳或机架产生的离散噪声以及机器内部秸秆物料与锤片、物料与机壳、物料与物料间的碰撞产生的随机宽频噪声组成。基于噪声基础理论与方法研究现状,综述了锤片式秸秆加工机械气动与振动噪声、内流场特性、结构动态特性、锤片等零部件磨损后对振动及噪声影响以及结构声优化设计方面的研究现状。在此基础上,对该类机械噪声的研究进行总结与展望,为锤片式秸秆加工机械降噪及减振设计提供参考与借鉴。Crop straw can be used as feed,fertilizer,industrial raw material or fuel after kneading,crushing,cutting and so on.The hammer type straw processing machinery for multiple processing of straw generally has the problem of large vibration and noise,which restricts the development of this kind of machinery to high quality.This paper summarized the noise characteristics of hammer-type straw processing machinery,that is,there are both aerodynamic noise and vibration noise when this kind of machinery worked.The aerodynamic noise is mainly composed of the discrete noise generated by the internal flow field of the hammer rotor rotation disturbance and the broadband noise generated by the adsorption and separation of the vortex and boundary layer in the flow field.The vibration noise is mainly composed of the discrete noise generated by the unbalanced rotor transmitted to the casing or frame and the random broadband noise generated by the collision between the straw material and the hammer,the material and the casing,and the material and the material.Based on the research status of noise basic theory and method,the research status of aerodynamic and vibration noise,internal flow field characteristics,structural dynamic characteristics,influence of hammer and other parts on vibration and noise after wear and structural acoustic optimization design of hammer type straw processing machinery were reviewed.On this basis,the research on this kind of mechanical noise was summarized and prospected,which provided reference for the noise reduction and vibration reduction design of hammer type straw processing machinery.

关 键 词：锤片式秸秆加工机械 噪声产生机理 离散噪声 宽频噪声 结构动态特性 结构声优化 

分 类 号：S817.12[农业科学—畜牧学]