山地地震勘探中的静校正对成像质量的影响及改进策略  

The Impact of Static Correction on Imaging Quality in Mountain Seismic Exploration and Improvement Strategies

作　　者：赵锐锐[1] 郑多明[1] 杨珊珊[1] 左安鑫 尚江伟 张强 Zhao Ruirui;Zheng Duoming;Yang Shanshan;Zuo Anxin;Shang Jiangwei;Zhang Qiang(Exploration and Development Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla Xinjiang 841000,China;Beijing Shida Ruibo Institute of Comprehensive Geophysical Prospecting Technology,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油塔里木油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]北京石大瑞博综合物体技术研究所,北京100028

出　　处：《工程地球物理学报》2024年第2期338-344,共7页Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics

基　　金：塔里木科研项目(编号:T201906)。

摘　　要：在山地地震勘探中,地震数据常常被校正到固定基准面上进行偏移成像,从而造成成像失真。本文从数学上直接推导公式,证明了静校正后从基准面进行偏移会造成倾角误差;通过山地起伏地表正演模型,说明了静校正后从基准面偏移会扭曲波场,导致严重的偏移成像失真。此外,应用四川南部山区的实际案例,分别从基准面偏移及从起伏地表偏移,叠前时间偏移和深度偏移结果均表明,在复杂的山地地形中,剧烈的高差变化会导致固定基准面偏移成像失真,应用起伏地表偏移能改进山地地震勘探资料的成像质量。本文的研究结果对理论研究和实际地震数据处理具有重要意义。In mountainous seismic exploration,seismic data are often corrected to a datum for the migration,which can cause imaging distortion.This paper mathematically derives formulas to demonstrate that a migration from the datum after static correction leads to angular errors of the subsurface geological structures.Forward modeling of mountainous terrain reveals that after static correction migration from the datum distorts the wavefield,causing significant imaging distortion.Moreover,by using real seismic data in the southern mountainous regions of Sichuan,this paper compares the imaging quality between migrating from the conventional datum and from the tomography.Both the results of pre-stack time migration and depth migration indicate that in complex mountainous terrain,significant elevation changes cause distortion in imaging from the datum.The imaging result from the tomography improves the imaging quality of seismic exploration data in mountainous areas.The research findings in this paper are of significant importance for both theoretical studies and practical seismic data processing.

关 键 词：静校正 固定基准面 成像失真 倾角误差 起伏地表偏移 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]