减少土壤熏蒸气体散发的措施研究进展  

Research progress on measures to reduce soil fumigation gas missions

作　　者：张大琪 刘申艳 郑伊雯 颜冬冬[1] 方文生[1] 靳茜 李园[1] 王秋霞[1] 何林[2] 曹坳程[1,3,4] ZHANG Daqi;LIU Shenyan;ZHENG Yiwen;YAN Dongdong;FANG Wensheng;JIN Xi;LI Yuan;WANG Qiuxia;HE Lin;CAO Aocheng(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Green Management of Soil-Borne Diseases,Baoding 071000,Hebei Province,China;Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System,Beijing 100193,China;College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Plant Protection,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400700 [3]河北省土传病害绿色防控技术创新中心,河北保定071000 [4]现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队,北京100193 [5]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,昆明650224 [6]吉林农业大学植物保护学院,长春130118

出　　处：《农药学学报》2024年第2期311-323,共13页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31972313);北京市设施蔬菜创新团队(BAIC01);河北省土传病害绿色防控技术创新中心开放课题(2021K05).

摘　　要：本文综述了可减少土壤熏蒸防治土传有害生物过程中熏蒸气体散发的几种物理及化学方法研究进展,如覆盖塑料薄膜、增加施药深度、增加土壤含水量、提高土壤容重、添加生物炭、采用滴灌系统施药、研发新剂型以及向土壤表面添加有机和无机肥料等。虽然采用上述单一方法均能够不同程度减少熏蒸气体的散发损失,但是将多种技术联合使用能达到更理想的减排效果。同时建议相关政府管理部门、科研人员和种植者共同努力,将除覆盖塑料薄膜外的其他替代减排技术推广应用到实际生产中,以达到减少熏蒸气体排放效果的同时减少塑料薄膜的使用,降低对生态环境的不利影响。This article reviewed the research progress of several physical and chemical methods that can reduce the emission of fumigation gases during soil fumigation to prevent soil-borne harmful organisms,such as covering plastic films,increasing application depth,increasing soil moisture content,increasing soil bulk density,adding biochar,using drip irrigation systems,developing new fumigant formulations,and adding organic and inorganic fertilizers to the soil surface.Although using the above single method can reduce the emission loss of fumigation gas to varying degrees,combining the above technologies can achieve more ideal emission reduction effects.At the same time,it is recommended that relevant government management departments,researchers,and growers work together to promote the practical application of alternative emission reduction technologies besides plastic films covering.This effort aims to the use of plastic films while achieving a reduction in fumigation gas emissions,thereby minimizing the adverse impacts on the ecological environment.

关 键 词：土壤熏蒸 熏蒸剂 土传有害生物 气体散发 生物炭 滴灌 

分 类 号：S482.6[农业科学—农药学] TQ450.2[农业科学—植物保护]