黄龙五彩池源水区渗漏特征分析和人工降渗保育综合研究  

Comprehensive study on characteristics of leakage in the source water area and landscape conservation by artificial leakage reduction of Huanglong Wucai pool

作　　者：刘馨泽 张清明[2] 唐淑[2] 田长宝 高文皓 周亚萍 陈洪伟 韩梅东 孙东 LIU Xinze;ZHANG Qingming;TANG Shu;TIAN Changbao;GAO Wenhao;ZHOU Yaping;CHEN Hongwei;HAN Meidong;SUN Dong(Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center,Chengdu,Sichuan 610081,China;Huanglong National Scenic Area Administration,Songpan,Sichuan 623300,China;College of Materials and Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省地质环境调查研究中心,四川成都610081 [2]黄龙国家级风景名胜区管理局,四川松潘623300 [3]成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院,四川成都610059

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第1期33-47,共15页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助项目(24NSFSC0529);国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室开放基金(GHBK-2023-01);四川省地质调查研究院科研项目(SDDY-Z2022008,SCIGS-CYBXM-2023004);黄龙国家级地质公园水循环特征及景观保育技术研究(5132202018000229)。

摘　　要：黄龙世界自然遗产地核心景观之五彩池,其源水区上游转花池泉群地表溢流后,在灌丛林区中形成较为强烈的渗漏,导致五彩池涵养水量下降,出现一定程度退化。通过野外调查、长期监测、取样测试等手段,查明源水区水体径流渗漏特征及原因,分析人工降渗手段对五彩池钙华景观演化影响。结果表明:(1)五彩池源水区河道发生了极为强烈的入渗,造成五彩池涵养水量下降,平均径流渗漏占比达51%,月动态变化较小,造成渗漏增强的原因主要为高山柳灌丛根劈、冻融等增加钙华有效孔隙度形成强渗透层;(2)源水区强渗漏造成五彩池下游边缘出现失水黑化,后沟地表水替换了彩池群内原有景观水体(水体置换)引发“灰化”现象;(3)通过人工保育降低源水区强渗漏,五彩池内涵养水量出现明显增加,北边缘彩池群黑化消失,东侧灰化现象减弱,五彩池钙华水域景观范围扩大16.3%,径流渗漏量比前期减少34%,主要景观涵养期内,进入五彩池的涵养水量占比由保育前的49%增加至83%,月平均涵养水量由4892 m^(3)·d^(-1)增加至8674 m^(3)·d^(-1),涵养水量增加77%;(4)降低源水区渗漏,增加下游彩池群涵养水量,对钙华水域景观范围扩大、恢复起到了明显的促进作用,为黄龙世界自然遗产地核心价值的保护提供了重要的依据。The study area is Huanglong Wucai pool in China.In recent years,due to the influence of Salix cupularis thicket in Zhuanhua pond of the upstream source water area,there has been strong surface water leakage,resulting in a decrease of water conservation and shrinkage of water landscape,which in turn has caused the degradation of pools such as blackening and podzolization.Through analyzing the characteristics of water conservation in Wucai pool and their influence on the evolution of travertine landscape,this study discusses the effect on landscape restoration by artificial intervention in the reduction of surface water leakage,so as to provide systematic results and technical reference for subsequent landscape conservation and serve the protection of the core value of Huanglong World Natural Heritage Site.By means of field investigation,flow monitoring,water quality monitoring,particle analysis,SEM characterization,and experiment on water quantity regulation and conservation,the characteristics and causes of water runoff leakage in the source water area of Wucai pool were identified,and the effects of artificial leakage reduction on the evolution of travertine landscape in the study area were analyzed.Five monitoring stations were set up to monitor the total flow in Zhuanhua pond,the water flow entering Wucai pool and the corresponding changes in hydrochemical characteristics.Meanwhile,pH,temperature and conductivity were measured by a handheld WTW 3310 pH meter,and Ca^(2+) and HCO were measured by titration on-site.The monitoring period was from April to November,2019.Collected from loose travertine at the forest area of Zhuanhua pond and from the newly formed loose travertine at the bottom of landscape pool,the particle analysis samples and SEM samples were used to analyze the transformation and destruction of travertine body by the root system of Salix cupularis thicket.Thin-walled rectangular weir and triangular weir were used for flow measurement.After water flow regulation of Zhuanhua pond,isolation of chann

关 键 词：转花池 渗漏 灌丛 人工保育 五彩池 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学]