油茶果园施肥一体机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Integrated Fertilizer Machine for Camellia Oleifera Orchard

作　　者：卢周成 王焱清[1,2] 郑拓 LU Zhoucheng;WANG Yanqing;ZHENG Tuo(Agricultural Machinery Engineering Research and Design Institute,Hubei Univ.of Tech.,Wuhan 430068 China;Hubei Agricultural Machinery Equipment Intelligent Engineering Technology Research Center,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学农机工程研究设计院,湖北武汉430068 [2]湖北省农机装备智能化工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《湖北工业大学学报》2024年第2期70-75,共6页Journal of Hubei University of Technology

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBA042);湖北省农机装备补短板核心技术应用攻关项目(HBSNYT202208)。

摘　　要：针对丘陵山区油茶果园现有小型开沟施肥机具存在作业功能单一、运动不灵活、动力不足、耕作深度不稳定不合格等问题,开发研究出适合油茶果园挖穴施肥覆土的施肥一体机。介绍整机的参数和工作原理,对挖穴钻头进行设计,分析挖穴过程中杠杆式进给时机具运动状况,设计合理的机架和手扶架尺寸以便于人工操作;选择结构简单、排肥稳定的外槽轮式排肥并设计排肥器尺寸以满足农艺要求;设计可调高低和角度以更好贴合地面的覆土板,增加覆土率和覆土后的平整性。实验结果表明,施肥一体机整机作业性能良好,机具运动灵活、转弯性能良好,操作简单、劳动强度低;平均挖穴深度均值为203.1 mm,挖穴深度变异系数3.2%,外槽轮式排肥器排肥量理论与试验相对误差为1.7%,整体性能满足油茶果园追肥农艺要求。Aiming at the problems of single operation function,inflexible movement,insufficient power and unstable and unqualified tillage depth of the existing small trenching and fertilizing machine in camellia oleifera orchards in hilly mountainous areas,the integrated fertilizing machine suitable for digging and fertilizing and mulching in camellia oleifera orchards is developed and researched.The parameters and working principle of the machine were introduced;the design of the cavity digging drill and the analysis of the movement of the lever feeder during the cavity digging process were carried out;and the reasonable size of the frame and handrail made it easy for manual operation;the outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharge with simple structure and stable fertilizer discharge was selected and the size of the fertilizer discharge device was designed to meet the agronomic requirements;the mulching plate with adjustable height and angle to better fit the ground was designed to increase the levelness of the mulched soil.The experimental results show that the machine has good operational performance,with flexible movement,good turning performance,simple operation and low labor intensity;the average digging depth is 203.1 mm,the coefficient of variation of digging depth is 3.2%,and the relative error between theoretical and experimental fertilizer discharge volume of external slotted wheel type fertilizer discharger is 1.7%,which meets the agronomic requirements of oil tea orchard fertilizer chasing overall.

关 键 词：油茶果 挖穴施肥 一体机 

分 类 号：S224[农业科学—农业机械化工程]