从华北燕辽岩床群到哥伦比亚超大陆巨型裂谷系——燕辽大火成岩省近20年研究回顾与展望  

From the Yanliao sill swarms in the North China Craton to the large-scale continental rift system in the Columbia supercontinent:A review and new perspectives on 20 years of research on the Yanliao large igneous province

作　　者：张拴宏[1,2] 赵越 裴军令[2,3] 杨振宇 胡国辉 张琪琪 ZHANG Shuanhong;ZHAO Yue;PEI Junling;YANG Zhenyu;HU Guohui;ZHANG Qiqi(Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China;School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang.Jiangri 330013,China;College of Resources,Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 10o048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]自然资源部古地磁与古构造重建重点实验室,北京100081 [3]东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西南昌330013 [4]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《地质学报》2024年第3期783-798,共16页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号41920104004、U2244213、41725011)资助的成果。

摘　　要：近20年的研究工作表明,华北克拉通北部燕辽地区侵入到中元古代沉积地层中的大规模辉绿岩床群构成了一个1.32 Ga的基性大火成岩省。该大火成岩省与华北克拉通西北缘白云鄂博矿区富稀土-铌火成碳酸岩相伴生。大火成岩省、沉积地层对比和古地磁资料研究结果表明,燕辽大火成岩省与北澳大利亚克拉通代理姆-加里温库大火成岩省是被大陆裂解分割开来的同一个基性大火成岩省的组成部分,显示1.8~1.3 Ga期间华北克拉通北-北东缘与北澳大利亚克拉通北缘在哥伦比亚(奴那)超大陆中长期相邻(连)。全球1.4~1.3 Ga大火成岩省及基性岩浆活动的时空分布及其岩石学、地球化学及同位素组成对比研究显示,这些全球广泛分布的大火成岩省或基性岩浆活动主要形成于裂谷环境。结合1.4 Ga左右哥伦比亚超大陆古地理重建结果,发现在哥伦比亚超大陆中存在沿劳伦(北美+格陵兰)克拉通西缘、西伯利亚克拉通西缘及北缘、波罗地克拉通东南缘、西非克拉通西缘及北缘、亚马逊克拉通西南缘、刚果/圣弗朗西斯科克拉通南缘及东缘、卡拉哈里克拉通东缘、华北克拉通北缘及北澳大利亚克拉通北缘分布,长度>15000 km的巨型裂谷系。该巨型裂谷系由一个主裂谷带和三个分支裂谷组成,其中主裂谷带和位于华北与北澳大利亚克拉通之间的分支裂谷发展成了大洋,并导致了大陆分离;而位于西伯利亚东缘、格陵兰北缘和波罗地东缘的1.38 Ga分支裂谷,以及位于北美北缘和西伯利亚西南缘的1.35~1.32 Ga分支裂谷则为夭折裂谷,未导致大陆裂离。这一巨型裂谷系是哥伦比亚超大陆裂解的重要标志,并可能是其最终裂解的最主要原因。另外,研究结果也显示,虽然全球两个最大规模的火成碳酸岩型稀土矿床,即华北克拉通西北缘的白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床和北美克拉通西缘的Mountain Pass超�Twenty years of research on the Yanliao sill swarms intruding into the Mesoproterozoic strata in the northern North China Craton(NCC) shows that the Yanliao sill swarms constitute a ca.1.32 Ga mafic large igneous province(LIP) termed as the Yanliao LIP,which is coeval with the REE-Nb rich carbonatites in the Bayan Obo giant REE deposit on the northwestern margin of the NCC.A comparison of intraplate mafic events interpreted as LIPs or portions of LIPs(LIP fragments/remnants due to continental breakup or erosion) from the NCC and North Australian Craton(NAC),in combined with paleomagnetic data indicate that the northern-northeastern margin of the NCC had been connected to the northern margin of the NAC for almost 500 Ma from ca.1.8 Ga to 1.3 Ga.Spatial and temporal distributions of the 1.4~1.3 Ga LIPs and smaller intraplate mafic magmatic events(interpreted as LIP fragments/remnants) in the refined paleogeographic reconstruction map of Columbia(Nuna) supercontinent,together with previous petrological,geochemical and isotopic results reveal a 1.4~1.3 Ga large-scale continental rift system extending about 15000 km across the Columbia supercontinent.This huge continental rift zone extends along the western Laurentia(North America and Greenland),western-northern Siberia,southeastern Baltica,western-northern West Africa,southwestern Amazonia,southern-eastern Congo/S2o Francisco,eastern Kalahari,northern NCC and northern NAC and consists of a main rift zone and three branch rift zones.The main rift zone along western Laurentia,western-northern Siberia,southeastern Baltica,western-northern West Africa,southwestern Amazonia,southern-eastern Congo/S2o Francisco,eastern Kalahari,northern NCC and northern NAC and the rift zone branch between the NAC and NCC had developed to the drifting stage(new oceans) and resulted in fragmentation and final breakup of Columbia supercontinent.However,the other two rift zone branches including one extending to eastern Siberia,northern Greenland and eastern Baltica(1.38 Ga),and another exten

关 键 词：基性岩床群 大火成岩省 超大陆裂解 古地理重建 哥伦比亚超大陆 华北克拉通 

分 类 号：P618.7[天文地球—矿床学] P588.245[天文地球—地质学]