中国锂矿的多旋回深循环内外生一体化成矿理论及其找矿应用  

The “multi-cycle,deep circulation,integration of internal and external” theory of lithium deposits and its prospecting applications in China

作　　者：王登红[1] 代鸿章 刘善宝[1] 王成辉[1] 李建康[1] 李鹏 陈郑辉[1] 于扬[1] 秦锦华 孙艳[1] 娄德波[1] 姚佛军[1] WANG Denghong;DAI Hongzhang;LIU Shanbao;WANG Chenghui;LI Jiankang;LI Peng;CHEN Zhenghui;YU Yang;QIN Jinhua;SUN Yan;LOU Debo;YAO Fojun(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《地质学报》2024年第3期889-897,共9页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号2021YFC2901900,2021YFC2901905);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号DD20230034,DD20230055,DD20221695,DD20190379,DD20160346)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：中国锂资源的分布具有卤水型与硬岩型相伴相随、若即若离的特点。“多旋回深循环内外生一体化”成锂理论,在多年三稀金属矿产找矿实践和理论研究的基础上不断丰富完善。中国锂矿的形成与“多旋回”构造运动密切相关,从前寒武纪到新生代均有成矿潜力,可构成一个完整的多旋回成矿谱系。锂的“深循环”,一是锂深度参与成岩成矿的物质循环;二是需要一个“圈闭”的构造背景将锂“捕获”以避免其过度分散,锂从开始加入到岩浆与最终定位的深度之差,是硬岩型锂矿成矿的关键之一,压差越大越有利于伟晶岩型锂矿的形成。大量锂矿实例显示锂的物质循环是“内外生一体化”的统一过程,高海拔地区(山上)的含锂地质体(花岗岩类甚至直接就是含锂矿床)经风化剥蚀之后,可能成为沉积型锂矿的物质来源之一;而富含锂的沉积岩经过埋藏、变质、深熔也可以形成含锂的岩浆岩、伟晶岩。我国西部塔里木盆地、四川盆地、扎布耶盆地及东部的江汉盆地、吉泰盆地、周田盆地等大小不一的盆地均含锂,而其周边造山带中也不同程度发育硬岩型锂矿,这就为区域找矿指明了方向。“多旋回深循环内外生一体化”成锂理论是三稀矿产成矿理论的重要组成部分,为我国锂矿找矿工作提供了指导和借鉴,在甲基卡、可尔因、阿尔金、幕阜山等锂矿矿集区的找矿实践中发挥了积极作用。The distribution of lithium resources in China is characterized by the conjunction and proximity of brine-type and hard-rock-type resources.Over the years,the “multi-cycle,deep circulation,integration of internal and external” theory of lithium has evolved and improved through extensive prospecting practice and theoretical research on rare metal minerals.China's lithium deposits have formed in relation to “multi-cyclic” tectonic movements,spanning from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic era,resulting in a comprehensive range of ore-forming cycles.The “deep circulation” of lithium involves two key aspects:firstly,lithium's extensive participation in the material cycle of sedimentary and mineralization processes;secondly,the need for a “trap” tectonic setting to capture lithium to prevent excessive dispersion.The depth difference,from initial addition to the magma to final positioning,plays a crucial role in the formation of hard-rock lithium deposits,with greater pressure differentials being more conducive to the formation of pegmatite lithium deposits.Numerous examples of lithium deposits demonstrate that the material cycle of lithium is an “integration of internal and external genesis” process.Lithium-bearing geological bodies in mountains(even directly as lithium deposits) can serve as a source of material for sedimentary lithium deposits after undergoing weathering and erosion.Rich lithium-bearing sedimentary rocks,upon burial,metamorphism,and remelting,can also form lithium-bearing magmatic and pegmatitic rocks.Various basins in western China,such as the Tarim basin,Sichuan basin,and Zhabuye basin,as well as the basins in eastern China,including the Jianghan basin,Jitai basin,and Zhoutian basin,are known to possess significant lithium resources.Additionally,the surrounding orogenic belts in these basins also contain varying degrees of hard rock lithium deposits,providing guidance for regional prospecting.The “multi-cycle,deep circulation,integration of internal and external” theory of lit

关 键 词：锂矿 构造运动 “多旋回深循环内外生一体化”成矿理论 找矿应用 

分 类 号：P618.71[天文地球—矿床学]