华夏地块造山型金矿床:时空分布规律、地质-地球化学特征、成矿机制与动力学背景  

Spatiotemporal distribution,geological and geochemical characteristics,metallogenic mechanism and tectonic setting of orogenic gold deposits in the Cathaysia Block

作　　者：蒋少涌 马盈 JIANG Shaoyong;MA Ying(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,School of Earth Resources,Collaborative Innovation Center for Erploration of Strategic Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,紧缺战略矿产资源协同创新中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地质学报》2024年第3期920-940,共21页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号41973044)资助的成果。

摘　　要：造山型金矿床具有重要的经济价值,其成矿理论研究对金矿勘查和矿床学学科发展具有重要意义。华夏地块是我国重要的钨-锡-银-铅-锌多金属成矿带,近年来在华夏地块的变质地体中发现数十处造山型金矿床和矿化点,为该区的成矿理论研究提供了新的课题。较之区域钨锡等多金属矿床的研究程度,造山型金矿床成矿作用研究较为薄弱,尚未进行系统的成矿作用和成因机制总结。华夏地块内发育的造山型金矿床主要包括东华夏武夷山地区的双旗山和何宝山金矿,西华夏云开地区的河台与海南岛的抱伦金矿等。本文重点对上述四个典型矿床的地质-地球化学特征、成矿时代、成矿流体和成矿物质来源等方面已有数据和文献资料进行系统的归纳总结,以期阐明华夏地块造山型金矿床的时空分布规律、成矿机制和地球动力学背景。研究发现,华夏地块造山型金矿床主要发育浸染状与石英-硫化物型矿化,金矿体主要赋存于前寒武纪变质地体中,受脆-韧性剪切带控制。成矿流体为H_(2)O-CO_(2)-NaCl±CH_(4)±N_(2)体系,主成矿阶段成矿温度集中于220~280℃,成矿流体可能具有变质、地幔或岩浆热液来源;而流体不混溶、热液体系氧逸度升高和铋熔体捕获是金沉淀的重要机制。华夏地块存在加里东期、印支期和燕山期三期造山型金成矿事件,分别对应陆内造山、古太平洋板块俯冲及后撤的地球动力学背景。Orogenic gold deposits have important economic value,and the study of their metallogenic theory ishighly important for gold exploration and economic geology.The Cathaysia Block is an important W-Sn-Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenic belt in China.In recent years,dozens of orogenic gold deposits have been discovered in the metamorphic terranes of the Cathaysia Block,providing a new topic for the study of metallogenesis in this area.Compared with the research on the W-Sn polymetallic deposits in the Cathaysia Block,research on orogenic gold deposits in the region is relatively rare,and the metallogenic mechanism has not yet been summarized.The orogenic gold deposits in the Cathaysia Block mainly include the Shuangqishan and Hebaoshan deposits in the Wuyishan area of eastern Cathaysia,the Hetai deposit in the Yunkai area of western Cathaysia,and the Baolun deposit on Hainan Island.This paper focuses on the geological and geochemical characteristics of these four deposits,their ages of mineralization,and the sources of ore-forming fluids and materials.This paper systematically summarizes the available data and literature to elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution patterns,mineralization mechanisms and geodynamic backgrounds of the orogenic gold deposits in the Cathaysia Block.The orogenic gold deposits in the Cathaysia Block mainly developed disseminated-alteration type and quartz-sulfide vein type mineralization,and the gold orebodies are mainly hosted by Precambrian metamorphic rocks and controlled by brittle-ductile shear zones.The ore-forming fluids are dominated by the H_2O-CO_2-NaCl±CH_4±N_(2) system,and the main mineralization took place mainly at 220~280℃.Mineralizing fluids may have various sources,including metamorphic fluid and mantle-derived or magmatic hydrothermal fluid.Fluid immiscibility,increasing oxygen fugacity and bismuth melt scavenging in hydrothermal systems are the most important mechanisms for gold precipitation.Three periods of orogenic gold mineralization occurred in the Cathaysia Blo

关 键 词：造山型金矿床 华夏地块 时空分布 成矿机制 地球动力学背景 

分 类 号：P618.51[天文地球—矿床学]