被动大陆边缘盆地油气勘探进展  

Review of petroleum exploration progress in passive marginal basins

作　　者：冯志强 郭金瑞[1] 田琨[1] 刘静静 张忠民[1] 田纳新[1] 吴高奎 宫越 FENG Zhiqiang;GUO Jinrui;TIAN Kun;LIU Jingjing;ZHANG Zhongmin;TIAN Naxin;WU Gaokui;GONG Yue(Sinopec Petroleum Erploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《地质学报》2024年第3期957-974,共18页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：十三五国家专项“南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地油气勘探开发与关键技术”(编号2016ZX05033)资助的成果。

摘　　要：自21世纪以来,被动陆缘盆地已成为全球油气勘探的重点领域。在统计被动陆缘盆地勘探数据,分析被动陆缘盆地历次理论、技术进展带来的勘探领域的不断突破和油气发现规律基础上,认为有三个方面大的持续发展,在勘探理论上已突破过去围绕裂谷找油,近年发展了坳陷型、转换型陆缘盆地油气成藏理论,提出在被动陆缘半封闭—封闭的局限大型坳陷周缘、转换型被动陆缘转换坳陷带、地幔出露带洋壳上覆远洋浊积砂领域找油的观点,在南大西洋西非段、西南非段、地中海东部、中北大西洋两端、东非海上均取得重大勘探突破;在勘探领域上横向呈现由陆上—浅海—深水—超深水,纵向由斜坡水道—斜坡扇—坡底扇—盐下碳酸盐岩—深水扇发展趋势;在工程技术上随着深水钻探、盐下目标地震识别刻画等技术发展,带动了水深3000 m以上目标钻探和勘探突破。全球被动陆缘早期勘探主要在墨西哥湾周缘、南大西洋两岸中段,近年来逐步向中-北大西洋两岸、东非沿岸、北极等领域转移,未来被动陆缘油气勘探越来越走向远洋超深水、盐下、深层、极地等领域。Since the beginning of the 21st century,there has been a growing interest in passive marginal basins for global oil and gas exploration.According toexploration data statistics and advancements in theoretical and technological approaches,three keyaspects of sustained developmenthaveemerged.In terms of exploration theory,there has been a significant shiftfrom focusingsolely on rifts to the recent development of theories on sag-type and transform-type hydrocarbon accumulation in passive continental margin basins.This has led to theproposalof exploringoil in large sag margins,transform sag belts in passive continental margins,and the overlying far offshore turbidite sand in the mantle-exposed oceanic crust.Significant exploration breakthroughs have been achieved in the various regions,including the West African segment of the South Atlantic,the Southwest African segment,the eastern Mediterranean,both ends of the central and northern Atlantic,and the East African offshore areas.From an exploration perspective,there is a clear trend of horizontal development,moving from onshore to shallow water,deepwater,and ultra-deep water.Additionally,there is a vertical progression from slope channels to slope fans,base-of-slope fans,sub-salt carbonates,and deepwater fans.In terms of engineering technology,the development of deepwater drilling and seismic identification and characterization of sub-salt targets has greatly contributed to breakthroughs in drilling and exploration targets beyond a water depth of 3000m.Initially,exploration efforts onpassive continental margins were mainly focused on the Gulf of Mexico margins and the mid-sections of both sides of the South Atlantic.However,in recent years,exploration has gradually shifted towards the mid-northern Atlantic,the coast of East Africa,the Arctic,and other areas.In the future,the exploration for oil and gas in passive continental margins is expected to increasingly focus on far offshore ultra-deepwater,sub-salt,deep-sea,and polar regions.

关 键 词：被动陆缘盆地 坳陷型 转换型 勘探领域 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]