青藏高原各主要植被类型特征及环境差异  

The differences of vegetation characteristics and environmental conditions among main vegetation types on the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau

作　　者：张慧 朱文泉 史培军[3,4,5] 赵涔良 刘若杨 唐海萍 王静爱 何邦科 ZHANG Hui;ZHU Wenquan;SHI Peijun;ZHAO Cenliang;LIU Ruoyang;TANG Haiping;WANG Jing′ai;HE Bangke(State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management,Ministry of Emergency Management&Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,People′s Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京市陆表遥感数据产品工程技术研究中心,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学应急管理部教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875 [4]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [5]青海省人民政府北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院,西宁810016

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第7期2955-2970,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0606);国家自然科学基金重大项目(42192580,42192581)。

摘　　要：青藏高原高海拔引起的地形、气候和土壤空间差异造就了其独特的植被类型及其空间变化,当前研究缺乏针对青藏高原全域范围内各植被类型特征和环境差异的定量与系统性分析。针对青藏高原特殊的地理环境和植被类型,选用植被、地形、土壤、气候4个维度共计58个空间化指标,采用频数分布统计方法对这些指标开展了定量分析,系统揭示了青藏高原全域范围内各主要植被类型的特征及环境差异。通过定量分析发现,大部分的环境及植被特征指标对青藏高原各主要植被类型的区分度较高,其中,遥感归一化植被指数、植被净初级生产力、裸地覆盖度、海拔、土壤温度、年最低温度、年总蒸散发7个指标对青藏高原各主要植被类型的区分度较高。揭示的青藏高原各主要植被类型的特征及环境差异,可提高灌丛和草地之间、各草地类型之间、高山苔原-垫状-稀疏植被与其他植被类型之间的可区分性,有助于解决青藏高原植被精细分类中广泛存在的灌丛和草地区分、草地类型细分、高山苔原-垫状-稀疏植被识别和山地垂直地带植被识别四个难点问题。研究结果一方面可服务于青藏高原的植被精细分类,另一方面也可服务于青藏高原的自然地带划分、生物多样性和生态系统功能评估、地表物质循环研究等。The spatial differences of the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau in terrain,climate and soil caused by the high altitude have resulted in the unique species and spatial patterns of vegetation.However,existing research lacks comprehensive,quantitative,and systematic analysis to the differences in the vegetation characteristics and environmental conditions of various vegetation types,especially for the entire Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau.To address this issue in the unique geographic environment and vegetation types of the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau,this study utilized a wide array of 58 spatial indicators,organized into four dimensions:vegetation,topography,soil,and climate.Through the rigorous application of frequency distribution statistical methods,a quantitative analysis was conducted to systematically unveil the distinguishing of vegetation characteristics and environmental conditions among the primary vegetation types across the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau.The results of this quantitative analysis have revealed that a majority of the environmental and vegetation characteristic indicators exhibit a high level of differentiation among the primary vegetation types found on the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau.Notably,seven key indicators,including the remote sensing normalized vegetation index,vegetation net primary productivity,bare land coverage,elevation,soil temperature,annual minimum temperature,and annual total evapotranspiration,exhibit particularly exceptional discriminatory power in characterizing these diverse vegetation types.The findings of this study provide critical insights into the unique characteristics and environmental disparities within the major vegetation types across the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau.Moreover,they offer a pathway to enhance the differentiation between vegetation types that have historically been challenging to distinguish.These distinctions encompass separating shrublands from grasslands,providing a nuanced classification of various grassland types,and identifying alpine tundra,cushion,and sparse vegetation.

关 键 词：青藏高原 植被类型 环境特征 植被特征 频数分布统计 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]