中国森林生态系统林冠层降雨截留特征  

Canopy rainfall interception characteristics of forest ecosystems in China

作　　者：邓雅丽 赵新宇 崔自杰 冯英杰 张卫强[2] 刘效东 DENG Yali;ZHAO Xinyu;CUI Zijie;FENG Yingjie;ZHANG Weiqiang;LIU Xiaodong(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642 [2]广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室/广东省林业科学研究院,广州510520

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第7期2981-2992,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515030123);广东省普通高校省级重大科研项目(2022KTSCX016);广州市科技计划项目(202201010640);广东省林业科技创新项目(2021KJCX003)。

摘　　要：森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的主体,其发达的林冠层通过调节降水量、改变降水强度等深刻影响着流域全过程水文通量及水分输出。以中国广泛开展的典型森林降雨再分配过程的年尺度监测数据为基础,揭示中国不同类型森林生态系统的降雨再分配及林冠层降雨截留特征,阐明森林生态系统林冠层截留特征与降雨、植被要素的关系。结果表明:我国不同森林生态系统年穿透雨量处于141.4—2450.0 mm之间,年穿透雨率为36.3%—92.3%。5种典型森林生态系统多年平均穿透雨量((445.3±252.9)—(1230.6±479.6)mm)占同期多年平均降雨量的(72.6±9.2)%—(77.4±8.9)%。不同森林生态系统年树干茎流量介于0—508.2 mm之间,占同期年降雨量的0—25.8%。5种典型森林生态系统树干茎流量多年平均值((9.8±17.3)—(87.8±81.6)mm)占同期多年平均降雨量的(1.4±1.9)%—(5.4±4.6)%。不同森林生态系统林冠层年降雨截留范围在25.7—812.9 mm之间,占年降雨量的4.2%—55.6%。5种典型森林生态系统多年平均林冠截留量((154.2±81.6)—(392.2±203.5)mm)占同期年平均降雨量的(18.7±7.4)%—(25.9±8.3)%。进一步分析表明,我国森林生态系统穿透雨量、树干茎流量和林冠层截留量随观测区年降雨量的增加而呈显著增大(P<0.05),年穿透雨率、年树干茎流率随年降雨量的增加呈显著线性上升趋势(P<0.05),而年林冠截留率与年降雨量呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),降雨量、叶面积指数是深刻影响森林生态系统林冠层降雨截留率等特征的重要因素。整体上,不同类型森林生态系统林冠截留降雨能力存在明显差异,林冠层截留率突出表现为:落叶林大于常绿林、针叶林大于阔叶林。Forest ecosystem is the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem.The well⁃developed canopy of forest ecosystem profoundly influences the hydrological flux and water output in the whole process of watershed by regulating precipitation amount and changing precipitation intensity.Based on the annual⁃scale monitoring data of forest rainfall redistribution processes(i.e.,throughfall,stemflow,canopy rainfall interception)widely carried out in different forest ecosystems in China during 1983—2022,this paper reveals the rainfall redistribution and canopy rainfall interception characteristics of typical forest ecosystems in China,and elucidates the relationship between forest canopy rainfall interception characteristics and precipitation(i.e.,rainfall amount)and vegetation structural variables(i.e.,mean height,mean diameter at breast height,leaf area index).The results showed that the annual throughfall of different forest ecosystems in China ranged from 141.4 to 2450.0 mm,with throughfall rates of 36.3%—92.3%.The average multi⁃year throughfall of five typical forest ecosystems((445.3±252.9)—(1230.6±479.6)mm)accounted for(72.6±9.2)%—(77.4±8.9)%of the annual mean rainfall.The annual stemflow of the different forest ecosystems ranged from 0 to 508.2 mm,accounting for 0%to 25.8%of the annual mean rainfall during the same period.The multi⁃year average stemflow in the five typical forest ecosystems((9.8±17.3)—(87.8±81.6)mm)accounted for(1.4±1.9)%—(5.4±4.6)%of the annual mean rainfall.Canopy rainfall interception in different forest ecosystems ranged between 25.7 to 812.9 mm,representing 4.2%—55.6%of annual rainfall in the different forest ecosystems.The multi⁃year average canopy rainfall interception of five typical forest ecosystems((154.2±81.6)—(392.2±203.5)mm)accounted for(18.7±7.4)%to(25.9±8.3)%of the annual mean rainfall during the same period.Further analysis showed that the amount of throughfall,stemflow,and canopy rainfall interception showed a significant increase(P<0.05)with the in

关 键 词：森林类型 冠层截留 穿透雨 水源涵养 服务功能 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]