新型三元复合材料对低浓度含铀废水的去除性能及机制  

Removal Performance and Mechanism of New Ternary Composites for Low Concentration Uranium Containing Wastewater

作　　者：张益硕 周仲魁[1] 李龙祥 孙占学[1] Zhang Yishuo;Zhou Zhongkui;Li Longxiang;Sun Zhanxue(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第2期196-213,共18页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41662024);江西省重点研发计划重点项目(20212BBG71011);东华理工大学研究生创新基金项目(YC2020-S503)资助。

摘　　要：为解决羟基磷灰石(HAP)基吸附材料合成步骤复杂、易团聚及成本高等问题,采用一步水热法合成十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性羟基磷灰石-膨润土(CTAB-HAP-B)三元复合材料,并研究其对低浓度含铀废水的去除性能。通过单因素试验和正交试验得出,当pH为4.0,铀(VI)浓度为10 mg·L^(-1),时间为160 min,温度为室温(298.15 K),CTAB-HAP-B用量为0.05 g,转速为165 r·min^(-1),废水体积为50 ml时,其对低浓度含铀废水去除率可达99%左右。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、全自动比表面分析(BET)、全自动孔隙度分析(BJH)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对CTAB-HAP-B的形貌、比表面积、孔径、元素组成、晶型、表面官能团进行表征,得出其吸附机制主要为离子交换和官能团的配位。优化了HAP基吸附材料对低浓度含铀废水的去除性能,可为低浓度含铀废水的处理提供试验依据,并提出环境吸附材料的研究需利用不同材料之间的协同作用以克服单一吸附材料的局限性,该思路有利于未来研究和设计潜在的环境功能吸附材料。Due to its high toxicity and radioactivity,uraniumis a typical radioactive pollutant.The main sources of uranium contami-nation in the environment include nuclear power plants,coal-burning power plants,ore mills,and fertilizer use,among other things.Uranium must be quickly removed from the environment,especially from aqueous solutions,for the protection of the general people and the ecosystem.Many methods have been proposed and investigated to remove U(VI)ions from solutions,including ion-exchange procedures,biological therapy,solvent extraction,surface complexation,and adsorption.Notably,adsorption technology is widely employed in environmental management because it is simple to use,consumes little energy,is highly effective,and is ecologically beneficial.Traditional adsorbents,on the other hand,frequently struggle with limited capacity and/or high cost when it comes to trac-ing U(VI)in aqueous solution.Therefore,one of the greatest scientific difficulties in environmental science is the design of an effec-tive adsorbent with excellent adsorption capability.Bentonite(B),a cheap and easily accessible buffer material for the geological dis-posal of high-level radioactive waste,exhibits good radionuclide adsorption capacity.Bent's anions extraction is unsuccessful despite having a high cation-exchange capacity because of its negatively charged surface,which restricts its use in the adsorption of U(VI)an-ionic species.As a result,the alteration of clay minerals by cationic surfactants has been suggested.One quaternary ammonium salt with strong surface activity and acid-base stability is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB).The surface charges are changed from negative to positive and the surface characteristics from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by the intercalation of CTAB into the Bent's inter-layer gap.In order to further increase U(VI)adsorption capacity,(Ca_(10)(PO_(4))_(6)(OH)_(2)(HAP)was used as the second loaded particle in CTAB-bent.HAP was used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions including Cd^(2+),Z

关 键 词：吸附 新型复合材料 机制 铀 

分 类 号：TF803.21[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]