大尺寸非晶合金的成分设计和新制备方法研究进展  

Progress in Composition Design and Preparation Methods of Large Amorphous Alloys

作　　者：侯少杰 李春燕[1,2,3] 李春玲 张强[1] 陈佳欣 程志强 Hou Shaojie;Li Chunyan;Li Chunling;Zhang Qiang;Chen Jiaxin;Cheng Zhiqiang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump&Valve,Lanzhou University of Technology,Wenzhou 325105,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [3]兰州理工大学温州泵阀工程研究院,浙江温州325105 [4]兰州理工大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第2期240-253,共14页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52261032,51661016,51861021,51971103);甘肃省科技计划项目(21YF5GA074,20YF8GA052);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGG22E010008)资助。

摘　　要：非晶合金,又称为金属玻璃(MG),是一种新型的多功能材料,具有长程无序,短程有序的原子结构。由于不存在晶粒、晶界及位错等缺陷,非晶合金具备一系列优异的综合性能,在众多领域有着极大的应用前景,受到众多学者的广泛关注。但非晶合金的形成受到玻璃形成能力以及冷却速率的限制,使得该材料的尺寸远小于传统金属材料,极大地限制了其在工程领域的推广及应用。针对如何突破非晶合金尺寸限制的问题,研究学者们给予了充分的关注及和研究。简要介绍了非晶合金的发展历史,总结了临界尺寸≥15 mm的非晶合金成分及其制备方法,同时阐述了获得较大尺寸非晶合金的策略,包括根据经验准则、高通量制备及表征、机器学习得到高玻璃形成能力(GFA)的合金成分设计方法以及低温热塑性连接、焊接、放电等离子烧结及3D打印的获得大尺寸非晶合金的制备技术,并对这些方法的发展提出展望。Amorphous alloy,also known as metallic glass(MG),is a new type of multifunctional material.It has a special atomic structure,with long range disorder and short-range order.Compared with traditional crystalline materials,amorphous alloy has a series of more excellent physical,chemical and mechanical properties,such as high strength,high hardness,high elastic limit,high wear resistance,high corrosion resistance and excellent catalytic properties,due to the absence of defects such as grains,grain boundaries and dislocation.Therefore,bulk amorphous alloys are regarded as one of the alloys with the most potential for development,showing a wide range of application prospects in the fields of micro-electro-mechanical systems,national defense equipment,precision machin-ery,aerospace,biology and medical,electronic information and chemical industry,etc,which have attracted extensive attention of many scholars.In order to prepare amorphous alloys,high external cooling rate and excellent glass forming ability are needed,so the size of amorphous alloys is much smaller than traditional metal materials,which greatly limits the engineering application of amor-phous alloys.In the early stage,bulk amorphous alloys were prepared by increasing the cooling rate.With the development of science and technology,the research on the appearance size of amorphous alloy have entered a new stage.In view of how to break through the size limitation of amorphous alloy,researchers have tried various methods and achieved some results,which will greatly promote the engineering application of amorphous alloy.These methods can be divided into alloy composition design and preparation techniques,including high-glass-forming alloy composition design based on empirical guidelines,high-throughput preparation and characteriza-tion,machine learning,low-temperature thermoplastic bonding,welding,spark plasma sintering,and 3D printing.Based on the study of existing alloys with high glass forming ability,a series of characteristics have been summarized to guide

关 键 词：大块非晶合金 玻璃形成能力 成分设计 制备方法 

分 类 号：TG139.8[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]