纳滤膜传质机制模型及在盐湖提锂应用中的研究进展  

Development of Research on Mass Transfer Mechanism Model of Nanofiltration Membrane and Its Application in Separation of Magnesium and Lithium from Salt Lake Brine

作　　者：刘悦宇 李婷婷 李世伟[1] 尹少华[1] Liu Yueyu;Li Tingting;Li Shiwei;Yin Shaohua(Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第2期262-276,共15页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2901300)资助。

摘　　要：纳滤膜技术基于膜孔筛分和界面道南效应,实现不同价态离子分离,无需引入其他溶剂,是一种绿色环保的新型分离技术。根据中国盐湖卤水高镁锂比现状及难开采、产量低等特点,将纳滤分离技术应用于盐湖锂资源提取中具有深远意义。总结了盐湖卤水中提锂的现状,对比了盐湖提锂技术的优劣,对国内外从事纳滤膜相关研究的机构及其典型成果进行了分析。并对目前纳滤膜材料的设计与制备以及膜材料的发展进行了总结和展望,同时,深入研究了纳滤膜表面传质模型对纳滤膜实现镁锂分离机制及促进纳滤膜广泛应用所具有的重要意义。最后,对纳滤膜技术特点进行了分析总结,对常用的纳滤膜传质模型的研究进展进行了详细综述,在此基础上提出了在盐湖提锂中运用纳滤膜分离技术的未来发展方向。Lithium is called"white oil"because of its excellent physical and chemical properties and a wide range of applications,which is of strategic significance to our development.Among the sulfuric acid method of lithium ore has problems such as low lithium recovery rate and difficult separation of lithium and sodium,which is not conducive to sustainable development.The"salt lake type"lithium resources account for 87%of the basic reserves and are the main source of lithium extraction.China's salt lake lithium resources are mainly distributed in Qinghai and Tibet with rich brine content at present.Salt lakes are mostly chlorinated and magnesium sulfate types with high content of magnesium and low content of lithium.With the development of lithium extraction technology,membrane separation has become a research hotspot for lithium extraction from salt lakes as an emerging magnesium-lithium separation technology.The nanofiltration separation technology has the advantages of no chemical reaction,no phase transition,green environmental protection and others.The nanofiltration technology as a separation process driven by pressure has good separation efficiency of magnesium and lithium,which is beneficial to the separation of magnesium and lithium from salt lake brine in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.According to the current situation of high magnesium-to-lithium ratio of salt lake brine in China and the characteristics of difficulty in mining and low production,the application of nanofiltration separation technology to the extraction of lithium resources in salt lakes had far-reaching significance.According to the advantages and characteristics of each separation technology,nanofiltration technology and other separation methods which were reasonably combined to realize efficient coupling technology of membrane process in practical application,the method enhanced synergy,improved lithium yield and reduced energy consumption.In addition,the nanofiltration technology also depended on the design and preparation of high-performance me

关 键 词：盐湖卤水 镁锂分离 纳滤膜 传质模型 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]