烟田前茬残留二氯喹啉酸的解毒剂筛选  

Antidote screening for phytotoxicity of residual quinclorac in tobacco fields

作　　者：李照怡 杨敬之 尹显慧[1] 张竹竹 龙友华[1] 杨森[1] LI Zhaoyi;YANG Jingzhi;YIN Xianhui;ZHANG Zhuzhu;LONG Youhua;YANG Sen(Institute of Crop Protection,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学作物保护研究所,贵阳市花溪区花溪大道南段2708号550025

出　　处：《烟草科技》2024年第4期53-60,共8页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目“前茬除草剂残留对烤烟生长影响及削减技术研究”(201508);第十三批贵州省优秀青年科技人才资助项目“喀斯特山地农作物重要有害生物成灾规律及防控关键技术研究”([2021]5614)。

摘　　要：为有效修复前茬除草剂二氯喹啉酸土壤残留导致的烟草药害,通过盆栽试验和田间试验筛选出了对烟草二氯喹啉酸药害有较好修复作用的解毒剂及配方。盆栽试验结果表明,赤霉素+吲哚乙酸+尿素+磷酸二氢钾(按质量比1∶1∶64∶32混合)、天达2116、格芙微生物菌剂、赤霉素、吲哚乙酸、尿素+磷酸二氢钾(按质量比2∶1混合)均对药害烟株的叶宽、株高和叶片数有一定的修复效果。其中,以赤霉素+吲哚乙酸+尿素+磷酸二氢钾(按质量比1∶1∶64∶32混合)对药害烟株的修复效果最好,修复后30 d烟株农艺性状与正常烟株无显著差异。田间试验以格芙30000 g/hm^(2)灌根,协同赤霉素+吲哚乙酸+尿素+磷酸二氢钾(按质量比1∶1∶64∶32混合)以1470 g/hm^(2)兑水叶面喷雾的解毒剂配方组合处理烟株长势最好,无畸形症状。与药害烟株相比,修复烟株的叶长、叶宽、株高、茎围和叶片数分别增加46.51%、162.28%、79.70%、79.24%和44.72%,差异达到显著水平。与正常烟株相比,修复烟株烟叶产量、均价、产值和上等烟比例分别提高12.25%、4.48%、17.37%和14.05%。同时,药害烟叶烟碱含量明显降低,且收获期土壤和烟叶中均检测不到二氯喹啉酸。In order to effectively mitigate the phytotoxicity to tobacco caused by residues of herbicide quinclorac,detoxifying agents and formulations with better mitigating effect on the quinclorac phytotoxicity were screened through pot and field experiments.The results of the pot experiments showed that gibberellin(GA)+indoleacetic acid+urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate(mass ratio 1∶1∶64∶32),Tianda 2116,Gefu microbial agent,GA,indoleacetic acid and urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate(mass ratio 2∶1)all had certain restorative effects on leaf width,plant height and number of leaves of herbicide-damaged tobacco plants.Among them,the GA+indoleacetic acid+urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment(mass ratio 1∶1∶64∶32)had the best recovery effect on the herbicide-damaged tobacco plants,and there was no significant difference between the agronomic traits of the herbicide-damaged tobacco plants and the normal tobacco plants after 30 d treatment.In the field experiments,the antidote formula of 30000 g/ha Gefu microbial agent for root irrigation combined with 1470 g/ha GA+indoleacetic acid+urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate(mass ratio of 1∶1∶64∶32)for foliar spraying was the best treatment for plant growth,and the plants did not show any deformity symptom.Leaf length,leaf width,plant height,stem circumference,and number of leaves of the restored tobacco plants increased by 46.51%,162.28%,79.70%,79.24%,and 44.72%,respectively,and the differences reached significant levels compared with the herbicide-damaged tobacco plants.Compared to normal tobacco plants,tobacco yield,average price,production value,and proportion of high-grade tobacco leaves of restored tobacco plants increased by 12.25%,4.48%,17.37%,and 14.05%,respectively.In addition,the nicotine content of herbicide-damaged tobacco was significantly reduced,and quinclorac was undetectable in soil and tobacco at harvest.

关 键 词：烟草 药害 二氯喹啉酸 协同修复 

分 类 号：S48[农业科学—农药学]