太湖河蚬种群组成及生长特征研究  

Study on the population composition and growth characteristics of Corbicula fluminea in the Tai Lake

作　　者：刘洋 李大命[2] 陆建明 刘燕山 唐晟凯[2] 杨家新 张彤晴[2] LIU Yang;LI Daming;LU Jianming;LIU Yanshan;TANG Shengkai;YANG Jiaxin;ZHANG Tongqing(College of Marine Science and Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Key Laboratory of Fisheries Resources and Environment in Inland water,Nanjing 210017,China;Taihu Lake Fisheries Administration Committee Office of Jiangsu Province,Suzhou 215104,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省淡水水产研究所江苏省内陆水域渔业资源重点实验室,南京210017 [3]江苏省太湖渔业管理委员会办公室,苏州215104

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第1期81-87,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20191488);江苏省水生生物资源重大专项(ZYHB16-3);2019年淡水渔业资源监测(2019-SJ-018-2)。

摘　　要：为掌握太湖河蚬种群的大小组成、年龄结构及其生长特征,在太湖设置6个采样点,通过采集太湖河蚬样品,测量河蚬的壳长、壳宽、壳高和体重,判定河蚬的年龄,建立河蚬壳长、体重的生长方程。研究结果表明:(1)河蚬壳长、壳宽、壳高及体重范围分别为5.45—40.34 mm、6.68—24.89 mm、7.15—37.41 mm、0.15-19.27 g,其均值分别为(20.17±0.60)mm、(13.57±0.33)mm、(19.13±0.53)mm和(4.09±0.32)g。(2)河蚬种群由0^(+)至4^(+)龄共5个年龄组组成,其中0^(+)至2^(+)龄的个体数量占比91.85%.3^(+)至4^(+)龄的个体数量占比8.15%。(3)河蚬的壳长与体重的关系式为W=2.0×10^(-3)L2.477(R^(2)=0.954),表明河蚬呈异速生长。(4)河蚬的壳长生长方程Lt=41.99×[1-e^(-0.27(t^(+)1.47))],体重生长方程为Wt=19.28×[1-e^(-0.27(t^(+)1.47))]^(2.477),拐点年龄为2.22龄,对应的壳长和体重分别为26.48 mm和6.16 g。基于研究结果得出,太湖河蚬种群个体的小型化、低龄化明显,资源开发利用强度偏大,需要采取措施保护太湖河蚬资源。In order to understand population size composition,age structure and growth characteristics of Corbicula fluminea in Tai Lake,638 individuals of C.fluminea collected from six sampling sites in Tai Lake were analyzed.The shell length,shell width,shell heigth and wet weight of C.fluminea were measured and the ages of all individuals were determined.Furthermore,the growth equations of shell length and wet weight of C.fluminea were established.The research results are as follows.(1)The shell length,shell width,shell height and wet weight of C.fluminea ranged from 5.45 to 40.34 mm,from 6.68 to 24.89 mm,from 7.15 to 37.41 mm and from 0.15 to 19.27 g,respectively,the corresponding average values were(20.17±0.60)mm,(13.57±0.33)mm,(19.13±0.53)mm and(4.09±0.32)g,respectively.(2)The C.fluminea population consisted of five age groups(0^(+)-4^(+)),in which the number of individuals aging from 0^(+)to 2^(+)yr accounted for 91.85%,and the number of individuals aging from 3^(+)to 4^(+)yr accounted for 8.15%.(3)The relationship between shell length and wet weight was expressed as W=2.0×10^(-3)L2.477(R^(2)=0.954)which indicated that C.fluminea grew at an allometric rate.(4)The relationships between shell length and age were described by Von Bertalanffy equations:Lt=41.99×[1-e^(-0.27(t^(+)1.47))],and the relationships between wet weight and age were described by Von Bertalanffy equations:Wt=19.28×[1-e^(-0.27(t^(+)1.47))]^(2.477).The growth inflection point of C.fluminea occurred at age 2.22 yr,with the corresponding shell length of 26.48 mm and wet weight of 6.16 g.The present results suggested that small size and low age individuals dominated the C.fluminea population and the intensity of resource utilization was too high.Therefore,it is urgent to take measures to protect the natural resources of C.fluminea in Tai Lake.

关 键 词：河蚬 种群组成 年龄结构 生长方程 太湖 

分 类 号：Q112[生物学—普通生物学]