基于栅格尺度下喀斯特专性植物海南凤仙花生境水资源脆弱性时空分异变化  

Spatio-temporal differentiation in water resource vulnerability of Impatiens hainanensis,a limestone-endemic plant habitat based on grid scale

作　　者：黄蔚霞 孟新亚 钟云芳[2] 张金玲 宋希强[2] HUANG Weixia;MENG Xinya;ZHONG Yunfang;ZHANG Jinling;SONG Xiqiang(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant,Ministry of Education/School of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]海南大学热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南大学林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第1期113-123,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32371959);国家自然科学基金项目(32201282);兵团指导性科技计划项目(2023ZD112);塔里木大学校长基金胡杨英才项目(TDZKBS202306)。

摘　　要：频繁的干湿交替导致热带雨林喀斯特地貌的水分脉动特征显著,地带性本底环境呈现强烈的脆弱性和异质性。研究喀斯特植物生境的水资源脆弱性特征,有助于理解当地植物对热带喀斯特生境的适应机制,为植物的生态恢复和种质资源保护提供理论依据。以海南岛喀斯特专性植物海南凤仙花(Impatiens hainanensis)生境的自然环境栅格数据为基础,运用RS和GIS技术构建水资源脆弱性评价指标体系,结合综合指数法分析海南凤仙花生境的水资源脆弱性时空分异特征。研究结果表明,2003—2018年,海南凤仙花生境的水资源脆弱性以自然脆弱性为主,自然脆弱性波动与降水等自然因素密切相关。极度脆弱和重度脆弱区面积比例较大;中度脆弱和轻度脆弱区面积比例较小。基于综合指数法的海南凤仙花生境水资源脆弱性在0.6612—0.7532之间,基于GIS与RS的水资源脆弱性在0.6624—1之间,海南凤仙花生境处于水资源脆弱性的高值区。受干湿季热带雨林喀斯特地貌水分特征的影响,海南凤仙花生境水资源脆弱性时空变异性较强,区域分异程度明显,可利用其水分特征变化对海南凤仙花生境进行水土流失的及时阻控,保护海南凤仙花的生态环境和种质资源。The frequent alternation between wet and dry season significant moisture pulsation in tropical rainforest karst landscapes,the zonal background environment is strongly fragile and heterogeneous.The study of the water vulnerability characteristics of local plant habitats helps to understand their adaptation mechanisms to tropical rainforest karst habitats and provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of plants and conservation of germplasm resources.Based on the natural environment raster data of the limestone-endemic plant Impatiens hainanensis on Hainan Island as a basis,RS and GIS techniques were used to construct a water resources vulnerability evaluation index system,combined with the integrated index method to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of water resources in I.hainanensis habitats.The results are as follows.The vulnerability of water resources in I.hainanensis habitats was dominated by natural vulnerability from 2003 to 2018,and changes in natural vulnerability fluctuations were closely related to natural factors such as precipitation.The proportion of extremely vulnerable and severely vulnerable areas was large;the proportion of moderately vulnerable and mildly vulnerable areas was small.The karst area where I.hainanensis habitats were located was in the high value of water resources vulnerability,which ranged from 0.6612-0.7532 based on the composite index method and 0.6624-1 based on GIS and RS.The water resources vulnerability of I.hainanensis habitats was influenced by the moisture characteristics of tropical rainforest karst landscapes in the dry and wet seasons,and the degree of regional differentiation was obvious.The changes in their moisture characteristics can be used to control soil erosion promptly and protect the ecological environment and germplasm resources of I.hainanensis habitats.

关 键 词：喀斯特 水资源脆弱性 综合指数法 GIS 海南凤仙花生境 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]