玛曲高寒退化草甸土壤重金属污染风险评价  

Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in degraded alpine meadow in Maqu County

作　　者：孙建财 白红桃 熊增连 张杰雪 全小龙 邓得婷 史惠兰 SUN Jiancai;BAI Hongtao;XIONG Zenglian;ZHANG Jiexue;QUAN Xiaolong;DENG Deting;SHI Huilan(College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;The State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Natural Resources Survey and Monitoring Institute,Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁810016 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态和高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]青海省自然资源综合调查监测院,西宁810016

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第1期177-185,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：青海省科技厅基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-715);国家自然科学基金项目(C170201);国家重点研发项目(2017YFC0504800);2021年促进与加澳新及拉美地区科研合作与高层次人才培养项目(留金美[2021]109号)。

摘　　要：为了分析玛曲高寒草甸土壤重金属含量分布及重金属污染风险,采集玛曲高寒退化草甸土壤样品,分析研究区表层土壤(0—20 cm)中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb等八种重金属含量,描述玛曲高寒草甸土壤重金属的空间分布特征,采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗污染指数、地累积指数评价重金属污染程度并分析重金属污染潜在生态风险,以相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析表征同源性重金属。结果表明:(1)研究区内As、Cd的质量分数高于背景值,Ni的质量分数偏低,变异系数大小为Cr>Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Ni>Zn>Pb;(2)Cd单因子污染指数为轻微污染,地累积指数反映As属于未受污染与轻微污染之间,各重金属元素均无潜在生态风险;以国标和土壤背景值为标准,内梅罗综合污染指数表明玛曲未受到重金属污染;(3)主成分和相关性分析表明玛曲土壤中Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb等元素具有相同或相似的来源,Ni和Pb的来源优先顺序最大,Cr和Hg含量呈现弱相关。To analyze the risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in maqu alpine meadow,we collected the surface soil samples(0-20 cm)of degraded alpine meadow in maqu county to determining the contents of eight heavy metals in soil,including Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg and Pb.Single factor pollution index,Nemerow pollution index and geoaccumulation index were used to evaluate the pollution degree of heavy metals and analyze the potential ecological risk.We used correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis to characterize the homologous heavy metals.The results showed that:(1)There was greater mass fraction of As and Cd than the background value in soil,while there was lower mass fraction of Ni than the background value in soil.The ranking of variation coefficient was Cr>Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Ni>Zn>Pb.(2)The single factor pollution index of Cd was slight pollution,the ground accumulation index reflects that As was between unpolluted and slight pollution.Each heavy metal element was no potential ecological risk.Based on the national standard and soil background value,Nemerow composite pollution index showed that maqu was not contaminated by heavy metals.(3)Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb in Maqu soil had the same or similar sources.The Ni and Pb had the highest priority order,while Cr and Hg contents showed a weak correlation.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 重金属污染 污染指数 潜在生态风险 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]