煤矸石资源化及其渣山土壤重构技术研究进展  

Progress on Resource Application of Coal Gangue and Soil Reconstruction Technology of Coal Gangue Slag Hill

作　　者：马文清 刁淑腾 李陈 王一平 李长慧[2] 李增和 雷晓东[1] MA Wenqing;DIAO Shuteng;LI Chen;WANG Yiping;LI Changhui;LI Zenghe;LEI Xiaodong(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;The College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国钼业》2024年第2期57-64,共8页China Molybdenum Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2021YFC3201601,2021YFC3201605);国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:22278020)。

摘　　要：煤炭开采过程中会伴随产生煤矸石固体废弃物,大量露天堆放的煤矸石形成渣山,占用大量土地的同时破坏当地生态系统,造成土壤严重退化和植被破坏等问题。中国煤矸石资源化利用率远低于产出率,同时现有的煤矸石渣山修复技术主要以土壤重构技术为主,在低海拔矿区得到广泛应用,但对于生态脆弱的高寒高海拔矿区仍极具挑战性。本文简述了煤矸石的理化性质和现有资源化利用技术,对比了国内外煤矸石渣山土壤重构技术的不同,详细综述了以表土回填、客土覆盖和人造土壤为主的土壤重构技术在我国低海拔矿区的应用,以及以青海木里煤田为代表的高海拔矿区现有的土壤重构方法。探讨了煤矸石现有资源化利用技术的不足和土壤重构技术存在的问题,对高海拔矿区土壤重构的机遇与挑战进行了展望。煤矸石资源化利用应以高附加值为主,土壤重构技术应从本质上利用煤矸石有机质高的优点,在成本、安全性和效果持续性等方面亟需改善,以促进其在煤矸石资源化利用和渣山修复中的发展。The coal mining process will be accompanied with the production of coal gangue as a solid waste.A large number of coal gangue discharged is piled up in the open areas to form coal gangue slag hills,which not only occupy lots of land,but also destroy the local ecosystem,causing the irreversible harm,such as the serious degradation of the soil and ruination of vegetation and so on.The reclamation utilization rate of coal gangue in my country is significantly lower than the output rate.Additionally,the current restoration technology of coal gangue slag mountains primarily relies on soil reconstruction technologies,which are extensively employed in low-altitude mining areas,but are extremely challenging regarding the high-cold and high-altitude mining areas in ecologically fragile state.In this paper,the physicochemical properties and existing application techniques of coal gangue are introduced.The differences between soil reconstruction technologies of coal gangue slag mountains at home and abroad are compared.The application of soil reconstruction technologies based on topsoil backfill,guest soil mulching and artificial soil in low-altitude mining zones are discussed in detail,as well as the current soil reconstruction methods in high-altitude mining areas represented by Muli coalfield in Qinghai.Meanwhile,the paper points out the shortages of existing utilization technology with coal gangue and the issues of soil reconstruction approaches.The opportunities and challenges of soil reconstruction in high-altitude mining regions are prospected.The recycling utilization of coal gangue should be focused on achieving its high added value.Soil reconstruction technology should essentially take advantage of the virtue of high organic matter in coal gangue,and there is an urgent need to improve the cost,safety,and sustainability of this technology in order to promote its development in the resource application of coal gangue and the restoration of coal gangue slag piles.

关 键 词：煤矸石 资源化 渣山修复 土壤重构 

分 类 号：TD849.5[矿业工程—煤矿开采] O611.4[矿业工程—矿山开采]