辅助供电单元逆变器滤波电容典型故障分析  

Typical Failure Analysis of Filter Capacitor in Auxiliary Power Supply Unit Inverter

作　　者：胡亚军 马步春 HU Yajun;MA Buchun(CRRC Puzhen Alstom Transportation Systems Limited,Wuhu 241000,China;Nanjing Huashi Electronic Scientific Co.,Ltd,Nanjing 210039,China)

机构地区：[1]中车浦镇阿尔斯通运输系统有限公司,安徽芜湖241000 [2]南京华士电子科技有限公司,江苏南京210039

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2024年第2期184-188,共5页Rolling Stock

摘　　要：辅助供电单元(APU)作为轨道交通车辆的重要设备,将列车高压转换成中低压直流电和交流电,进而为列车负载供电,为保障轨道交通车辆安全可靠运行起到了至关重要的作用。文章通过探讨APU三相逆变器输入端滤波电容故障具体案例,首先分析了电容发生故障的根本原因为电路中存在异常谐振电流,电容因长期在过流、过温异常工况下工作而发生故障;接着探究并提出了降低电路谐振电流的解决方案,即通过改变电路中的磁环电感值以避免电路谐振;然后通过仿真分析,APU工作特性试验,电容电流和温升试验,车辆动态运行试验等手段验证了通过改变电路中的磁环电感值以避免电路谐振这一方案的有效性;最终解决了滤波电容因电路异常谐振电流导致的故障问题。Auxiliary power supply unit(APU),as an important equipment for rail transit vehicles,converts the train’s high voltage into medium and low voltage direct current and alternating current,and then supplies power to the train loads,which plays a vital role in guaranteeing the safe and reliable operation of rail transit vehicles.By exploring the specific case of APU three-phase inverter input filter capacitor failure,the article firstly analyzes the root cause of capacitor failure for the existence of abnormal resonant current in the circuit,and finds out that the capacitor failure occurs due to the long-term over-current and over-temperature abnormal working conditions;then it explores and proposes a solution to reduce the resonant current of the circuit,i.e.,to avoid circuit resonance by changing the inductance value of the magnetic ring in the circuit;then the effectiveness of the scheme of avoiding circuit resonance by changing the inductance value of the magnetic ring in the circuit is verified by means of simulation analysis,APU operating characteristic test,capacitor current and temperature rise test,and vehicle dynamic operation test;this finally solves the failure problem of the filter capacitor due to the abnormal resonant current of the circuit.

关 键 词：辅助供电单元 电容 谐振 故障 

分 类 号：U270.381[机械工程—车辆工程]