西宁湟水河人工湿地对水体氮、磷污染物负荷削减的研究  

The Purifying Effect of Artificial Wetland on Water Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollutant in Huangshui River of Xining

作　　者：张莉[1] 刘玮[1] 张瑞 周华坤[2] 毛旭锋 金艳霞 陈哲 汪海波 Zhang Li;Liu Wei;Zhang Rui;Zhou Huakun;Mao Xufeng;Jin Yanxia;Chen Zhe;Wang Haibo(Qinghai Normal University/Institute of Plateau Science and Sustainable Development,Xining 810016,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Regions,Xining 810008,China;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,Xining 810016,China;Forestry and Grassland Station,Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province,Guoluo 814000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学/高原科学与可持续发展研究院,西宁810016 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室,西宁810016 [4]青海省果洛藏族自治州林业和草原站,果洛814000

出　　处：《青海科技》2024年第1期25-33,共9页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：青海师范大学校级自立项目(095030225)。

摘　　要：人工湿地建设是我国北方城镇化进程中重要的生态优化措施,其作为城市生态系统的重要组成,在净化水体、调节水质等方面具有重要的生态服务功能。为了探明高原城市人工湿地建设后对水体的水质改善、氮磷等污染物负荷削减的生态效应,在6月-11月重点监测了青海西宁火烧沟湿地、海湖湿地、北川湿地三处水体不同断面氮、磷污染物浓度的季节变化特征。结果表明:(1)火烧沟湿地污染物浓度峰值出现在枯水期,而丰水期浓度普遍较低,海湖湿地和北川湿地丰水期污染物浓度较高。(2)湿地对水体主要污染物负荷有一定的削减作用,主要体现在海湖湿地和北川湿地总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))的去除效果,海湖湿地对其削减率分别为11.74%、29.32%、41%和25.19%,北川湿地中削减率分别为25.02%、54.71%、32.03%和1.91%。且三处湿地来水的TN、TP、COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)含量均值普遍达到Ⅱ类水标准。其中,火烧沟湿地和北川湿地COD_(Cr)浓度达到Ⅰ类水标准,而海湖湿地COD_(Mn)含量较高,属Ⅲ类水标准。(3)通过对水质指标的相关性分析,发现水体TP与p H、降水量、温度的相关性较高,TN与COD_(Cr)的相关性较高。Constructed wetland construction is an important ecological optimization measure in the process of north urbanization.As an important component in urban ecosystem,it plays an important ecological service function in purifying and regulating water quality.In order to investigate the ecological effects of the construction of plateau urban constructed wetland on the improvement of water quality and the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant load,it’s mainly monitored from June to November on the seasonal variation characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant concentrations at different sections of Huoshaogou wetland,Haihu wetland and Beichuan wetland in Xining,Qinghai Province.The result shows that:(1)The peak of the pollutant concentration in Huoshaogou wetland appears in the low water season,but the concentration is lower generally in the high water season,and the pollutant concentration in Haihu wetland and Beichuan wetland are higher in the high water season.(2)Wetlands have a certain reduction effect on the load of major pollutants in water body,which is mainly reflected in the removal effect of Total Nitrogen(TN),Total Phosphorus(TP),Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD_(Cr))and Permanganate Index(COD_(Mn))of Haihu wetland and Beichuan wetland.The reduction rates on these of Haihu wetland are 11.74%,29.32%,41%and 25.19%,respectively.The reduction rates on these of Beichuan wetland are 25.02%,54.71%,32.03%and 1.91%,respectively.Additionally,the average content of TN,TP,COD_(Cr)and COD_(Mn)in the water from the three wetlands reaches the standard of ClassⅡwater generally.The concentration of COD_(Cr)in Huoshaogou wetland and Beichuan wetland reache to ClassⅠwater standard,while the concentration of COD_(Mn)in Haihu wetland is higher,which belongs to ClassⅢwater standard.(3)Through correlation analysis of water quality indexes,it is found that TP is highly correlated with pH,precipitation and temperature,and TN is highly correlated with COD_(Cr).

关 键 词：高原城市 湟水国家湿地公园 水污染 水体净化 湿地修复 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]