论美国反垄断法域外适用的冲突法基础  

The Theoretical Basis for the Extraterritorial Application of the US Antitrust Laws

作　　者：甘勇[1] 陆莹 GAN Yong;LU Ying(Institute of International Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China;Wuxi Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision Sixth Review and Investigation Office,Wuxi 214125,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所,湖北武汉430072 [2]无锡市纪委监委第六审查调查室,江苏无锡214125

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期75-85,共11页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国全球单边经济制裁中涉华制裁案例分析与对策研究”(21&ZD207)。

摘　　要：为预防消除垄断行为,维护美国正常经济秩序,反垄断法逐渐在域外适用,美国法院在确定反垄断法的域外适用范围时积极寻找冲突法理论的支持。在“既得权学说”的影响下采取属地原则,否认反垄断法的域外性;根据“本地法”理论确立了效果原则,认可反垄断法域外适用的正当性;从“最密切联系”原则中寻找衡平原则的来源,在域外适用反垄断法时考虑国际礼让。这些冲突法理论使得美国反垄断法域外适用得到了丰富和发展。美国法院的实践,对于我国判断何种情况下可以域外适用反垄断法以及如何域外适用具有启发意义。To prevent and eliminate monopolistic behaviors and maintain the normal economic order of the United States(US),the US antitrust laws are gradually applied extraterritorially,and the US courts have been actively seeking theoretical support from the conflict of laws theories in determining the scope of the extraterritorial application of antitrust laws.Under the influence of the“doctrine of vested rights”,the US courts adopted the principle of territoriality which totally denied the extraterritoriality of the antitrust laws;The US courts also established the“effect doctrine”according to the“local law theory”,thus acknowledging the legitimacy of the extraterritorial application of the antitrust laws;They also then derived the balancing approach from the“most closely linked principles”,gradually considering international comity when applying antitrust laws extraterritorially.These conflicts theories have developed and enriched the extraterritorial application of U.S.antitrust laws.The U.S.courts practice is of significant implications for China to determine under what circumstances China’s antitrust law can be applied extraterritorially and how it can be done.

关 键 词：反垄断法 域外性 冲突法 属地原则 效果原则 衡平原则 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]