电场耦合垂直流人工湿地对农村污水的净化效果及细菌群落结构变化特征  

Purification Effect of Electric Field-Coupled Vertical Flow Artificial Wetland on Rural Sewage and Characteristics of Bacterial Community Structure Change

作　　者：卢秀秀 刘云根[1,2] 王妍 熊烈钞[1] 伏川东 彭丽萍 马荣 文明发 LU Xiuxiu;LIU Yungen;WANG Yan;XIONG Liechao;FU Chuandong;PENG Liping;MA Rong;WEN Mingfa(College of Ecology&Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous&Rural Areas of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Deyuan Lvchuang Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wenshan 663000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [3]云南德源绿创环保科技有限公司,云南文山663000

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第4期787-799,共13页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技计划重点研发项目(No.202301AS070042);云南省科技计划项目(No.202201AT070048);国家自然科学基金项目(No.32160405)。

摘　　要：为进一步提高人工湿地处理农村污水效果,构建了耦合电场垂直流人工湿地系统(E-VFCW系统),以昆明市盘龙区长地梗城中村东干渠的原水为处理对象,探究其稳定性及净化效果,通过微生物群落演变特征,揭示其污染物去除的生物学化学机制.结果表明:①与垂直流人工湿地系统(VFCW系统)相比,E-VFCW系统对农村污水的净化效果更高,化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)处理效果分别提高了7.94%、5.67%、51.14%、27.54%,其中NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率存在显著差异(P<0.05).②E-VFCW系统中,相对丰度排序前三的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),其相对丰度之和约为80%;优势菌属包括脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)等.③冗余分析表明,E-VFCW系统中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)是COD、TN、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N净化的主要驱动因素.④秩相关分析表明,电场施加能促进E-VFCW系统中产电细菌假单胞菌(增加4.76%)、氢噬胞菌(增加2.02%)、黄杆菌(增加12.54%)等的富集和积累.研究显示,将电场与垂直流人工湿地进行耦合后,可使产电细菌相对丰度显著增加,可为农村污水治理提供理论指导和科学依据.In order to further improve the effectiveness of artificial wetlands in treating rural sewage,a coupled electric field vertical-flow artificial wetland system(E-VFCW system)was constructed to treat raw water from the East Trunk Canal of Changdi Terrier Village,Panlong District,Kunming City,China,to explore its stability and purification effect and reveal the biochemical mechanism of pollutant removal from the evolutionary characteristics of microbial communities.The results show that:(1)Compared to a vertical flow artificial wetland system(VFCW system),the E-VFCW system exhibited significantly higher purification efficiency for rural wastewater,with notable increases of 7.94%in chemical oxygen demand(COD),5.67%in total phosphorus(TP),51.14%in ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and 27.54%in total nitrogen(TN).In particular,the NH_(4)^(+)-N removal rate showed significant differences(P<0.05).(2)In the E-VFCW system,the top three dominant phyla were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria,with their combined abundance accounting for approximately 80%,while genera such as Dechloromonas,Flavobacterium,and Pseudomonas were the predominant taxa.(3)Further examination through redundancy analysis revealed that Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,and Nitrospirae played pivotal roles as major drivers for COD,TN,TP and NH_(4)^(+)-N purification within the E-VFCW system.(4)Rank correlation analysis showed that the application of electric field promoted the enrichment and accumulation of the electro producing bacteria such as Pseudomonas(increased by 4.76%),Hydrogenophaga(increased by 2.02%)and Flavobacteria(increased by 12.54%)in the E-VFCW system.This study shows that the combination of electric fields and vertical-flow artificial wetlands can considerably filter all the conventional pollutants in rural sewage and significantly increase the relative abundance of bacteria.This study may provide theoretical guidance and a scientific basis for rural wastewater management.

关 键 词：农村污水 垂直流人工湿地 电场耦合 细菌群落结构 环境因子 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]