根区施用生物炭和脱硫石膏提高盐碱土壤质量及向日葵产量  

Applying biochar and flue gas desulfurization gypsum in the root zone to improve saline-alkali soil quality and sunflower yield

作　　者：田荣荣 王淑娟[1,2,4] 刘嘉 徐立珍 孙振涛 李彦 李二珍[5] 温晓亮 杨晶 赵永敢 TIAN Rongrong;WANG Shujuan;LIU Jia;XU Lizhen;SUN Zhentao;LI Yan;LI Erzhen;WEN Xiaoliang;YANG Jing;ZHAO Yonggan(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Carbon Fixation of Saline-alkaline and Desert Land,Beijing 100084,China;Tsinghua Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100084,China;Shanxi Clean Energy Research Institute,Tsinghua University,Taiyuan 030032,China;Wuyuan County Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Bayannur 015100,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]北京市盐碱及荒漠化地区生态修复与固碳工程技术研究中心,北京100084 [3]华清农业开发有限公司,北京100084 [4]清华大学山西清洁能源研究院,太原030002 [5]五原县农牧业技术推广中心,巴彦淖尔015100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第5期148-157,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600);鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001)。

摘　　要：为了靶向消减根区土壤盐碱障碍和定向培育健康沃土,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展田间小区试验,设置沙土覆盖种植孔(S)、条施生物炭+沙土覆盖种植孔(B+S)、条施生物炭+脱硫石膏覆盖种植孔(B+G)3个处理,对比分析0~20 cm和>20~40 cm土层土壤质量及向日葵产量差异。结果表明:根区施用生物炭和脱硫石膏改变了0~40 cm土壤水溶性离子组成,主要表现为增加Ca^(2+)含量而降低Na~+含量。与S处理相比,B+S和B+G处理显著降低了0~40 cm土壤钠吸附比(sodium adsorption ratio,SAR)和>20~40 cm土层pH值,增大了土壤脱盐率(Ds);B+S和B+G处理还增加了0~40 cm土壤有机质(OM)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、有效磷(available phosphorus,AP)和速效钾(AK)含量,为向日葵出苗和生长提供了良好的土壤环境。此外,B+S和B+G处理通过调理盐碱指标(SAR,D_s,Ca^(2+)和Mg~(2+))和肥力水平(AK,NO_(3)^(-)-N和OM)来提高土壤质量,二者基于全数据集的土壤质量指数(SQI)比S处理分别增大了35.7%和88.5%。但相比之下,B+G处理在这两个方面的作用效果要优于B+S处理,因而获得了最高籽粒产量。可见,在根区条施生物炭和脱硫石膏覆盖种植孔相结合可提高盐碱地土壤质量和向日葵产量,为河套灌区盐碱地改良利用提供技术支撑。More than two-thirds of the arable land in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia,China,is suffering from various soil salinization and alkalization,which has seriously restricted the local agriculture and animal husbandry economy.Among them,biochar and flue gas desulfurization(FGD)gypsum have been widely used as soil amendments in the salinealkali soils.The amendments can often be applied on the surface and then mixed with the topsoil.However,the large investment and high cost of the traditional practice cannot fully meet the large-scale production in recent years.There is a high demand to develop more effective practices in soil amendments.In this study,a field experiment was conducted in Wuyuan County,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,in order to cultivate healthy and fertile soil for less soil salinization.Three treatments were designed:1)covering the planting holes with sand(S),2)strip application of biochar in topsoil and then covering the planting holes with sand(B+S),and 3)strip application of biochar in topsoil and then covering the planting holes with FGD gypsum(B+G).In biochar treatments,3750 kg biochar per hectare was buried in strips at a depth of 5-10 cm below the soil surface,and 5-10 cm away from the planting strip.In coverage treatments,the planting holes were covered completely with 750 kg sand or FGD gypsum per hectare.The soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-40 cm from the sunflower planting strip after harvest.The soil quality was then determined among the three treatments,in terms of salinity,alkalinity,organic matter,and nutrient status.Meanwhile,the sunflower yield and its components were also analyzed to deduce their relationship with soil quality.The results showed that the biochar and FGD gypsum in the root zone improved the watersoluble cations composition of the 0-40 cm soil layers,resulting in a higher Ca^(2+)concentration,while lower Na+concentration after the experiment.As expected,the B+S and B+G treatments significantly decreased the sodium adso

关 键 词：生物炭 石膏 条施 穴施 盐渍土 向日葵 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]