中考试题中数学建模问题情境的比较分析——以2020—2023年贵阳市中考卷为例  

Comparative analysis of mathematical modeling problem situations in middle school entrance examination questions:Taking Guiyang middle school examination papers from 2020to 2023as an example

作　　者：胡浪 曾子合 HU Lang;ZENG Zihe(School of Mathematical Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Gui′an New District Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学数学科学学院,贵州贵安新区550025

出　　处：《辽宁师专学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期32-37,41,共7页Journal of Liaoning Normal College(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：模型观念是初中阶段核心素养的主要表现形式之一,其在中考数学试题中常以问题情境的形式来考查.研究从“情境类型”“模型层次”“真实性水平”“表征特征”“阅读量”5个维度出发,对2020—2023年贵阳市中考数学建模问题情境的试题进行比较分析.研究发现:4套试题数量变化不大,保持了较高的稳定性;情境类型倾向于对“生活情境”的考查,逐渐增加对“文化情境”的涉及;模型层次水平较低,重视模型理解和应用的考查;真实性水平、表征特征及阅读量上有差异.鉴于此,提出以下教学建议:丰富情境类型,提升数学建模素养;创设真实情境,感悟数学本质;多样表征方式,助力获取问题信息;培养学生快速阅读能力.The concept of modeling is one of the main manifestations of core competence at the middle school stage,which is often examined through problem situations in middle school mathematics entrance exam questions.This study conducted a comparative analysis of mathematical modeling problem situations in Guiyang middle school entrance examination papers from 2020to 2023focusing on five dimensions:″situational types″,″modeling levels″,″levels of authenticity″,″representational characteristics″,and″reading volumes″.The study reveals that the quantity of the four sets of exam questions has little change while remaining relatively high stability;situational types tend to examine″life situations″while gradually increasing the reference to″cultural situations″;the modeling levels are relatively low,emphasizing the examination for understanding and application of models;there are differences in levels of authenticity,representational features,and reading volumes.Based on these findings,the following teaching suggestions are proposed:enrich situational types and increase mathematical modeling competence;create authentic situations to understand the essence of mathematics;apply diverse representational methods to help the problem information obtained and cultivate students′fast reading abilities.

关 键 词：中考试题 数学建模 问题情境 比较分析 

分 类 号：G633.6[文化科学—教育学]