氧化锌烟尘中锗的浸出行为  

Leaching performance of germanium in zinc oxide dust

作　　者：陆占清 邓志敢[1,2] 魏昶[1,2] 戴兴征 李兴彬[1,2] 李旻廷[1,2] 樊刚[1] LU Zhanqing;DENG Zhigan;WEI Chang;DAI Xingzheng;LI Xingbin;LI Minting;FAN Gang(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Chihong Zn&Ge Co.,Ltd.,Qujing 655011,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,昆明650093 [3]云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司,曲靖655011

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第3期934-946,共13页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：云南省科技厅重大科技专项资助项目(202202AG050008,202302AB080012);昆明理工大学分析测试基金资助项目(2022T20090030)。

摘　　要：针对锌浸渣烟化挥发产生的氧化锌烟尘中锗浸出率低、氧化锌烟尘浸出渣中锗含量高的问题,开展了锌浸渣烟化挥发过程不同收尘器收集的氧化锌烟尘中锗的浸出行为研究,分析了锗、铁、硅浸出的相关性,考察了锗的浸出行为、渣中锗的赋存状态,揭示了渣中锗难以被进一步浸出的原因。并在此基础上,对氧化锌烟尘浸出渣进行硫酸浸出分解铁酸盐−盐酸浸出解离硫酸铅−氢氟酸浸出解离硅酸盐的梯级强化浸出。结果表明:混合氧化锌烟尘中锗主要赋存于硅酸盐及固溶体中,尤其是锅炉尘中铁酸盐和硅酸盐较高,制约了锗浸出率的提高;影响锗浸出率的关键因素是氧化锌烟尘中铁、硅含量,渣中不溶锗主要赋存于难溶硅酸盐矿物及固溶体中,提高锗浸出率的关键是硅酸盐的解离;在硫酸体系下,采取高温高酸浸出解离难溶铁酸锌及含硅矿物,控制过程硅的浸出与沉淀,可进一步提高锗的浸出率。The content of germanium was high in leaching residue of zinc oxide dust,which leads to the low leaching rate of germanium.Aimed to that problem,the leaching performance of germanium containing zinc oxide dust from different dust catcher,and the relationship of the germanium,iron,silicon in the sulfuric acid leaching process were investigated.The leaching behavior of germanium,the occurrence state of germanium in the residue were investigated,and revealed the reason of further leaching of germanium which is difficult to leach.On this basis,the cascade strengthened leaching with sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid,hydrofluoric acid to the leaching residue of zinc oxide dust were carried on.The results show that germanium mainly exists in the silicate and insoluble solid in the mixture of zinc oxide dust,in particular,the boiler-dust contains more zinc ferrite and silicate,which is difficult to dissolve germanium.It is key of the iron and silicon content in dust to suppressed the promotion of germanium leaching rate.Insoluble germanium mainly exists in the undissolved silicate minerals and insoluble solid in the residue.The key of leaching germanium is silicate dissociation.Under the sulfuric acid system,the recovery rate of germanium is further improved,through leaching the mineral containing zinc ferrite and silicon under high temperature and high acid,and controlling leaching and precipitation behavior of silicon in process.

关 键 词：氧化锌烟尘 浸出 锗 硅酸盐 铁 

分 类 号：TF803.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]