司法解释性质文件的扩权现象及治理机制  

Power Expansion and Governance Mechanism of Documents of Judicial Interpretation Nature

作　　者：刘风景[1] Liu Fengjing

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第4期3-16,共14页Law Science

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目《中国式反腐败国家立法研究》(项目号:23ZDA134)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：司法解释性质文件是由最高人民法院制定,与司法解释文本“形似”、实效“神似”的司法文件。目前,司法解释性质文件面对的批评与质疑聚焦在其扩权现象,主要有与司法解释共存一体、名称使用失范、忽视“说理”与“援引”的区分、清理工作“留尾巴”。司法解释性质文件扩权的动因包括法院通过扩张审判权行使实施意义上立法权,最高人民法院强化在法院系统的领导作用,司法解释性质文件制定程序约束松驰,且不属于备案审查的对象。司法解释性质文件发展的正确方向应当谨守校正正义,强化源头治理,严格依法裁判,提升审判能力等基本原则。同时,应建立从严清理司法解释性质文件、明确区分“说理”与“援引”、弃用“司法解释性质文件”称谓,以及扩大备案审查范围等治理机制,以调节和规范司法解释的制度体系,维护社会主义法治体系的权威性和统一性。Judicial interpretative documents refer to judicial documents formulated by the Supreme People's Court,which are“similar in form”and“similar in effect”to judicial interpretative texts.At present,the criticisms and doubts faced by judicial interpretative documents focus on their power expansion,including coexistence with judicial interpretation,abuse of names,neglect of the distinction between“reasoning”and“citation”,and“leaving tails”in the clean-up work.The motivations for the expansion of judicial interpretative documents include the court's exercise of legislative power in the sense of expanding judicial power,the Supreme People's Court's strengthening of its leadership role in the court system,the relatively flexible formulation procedures of judicial interpretative documents,and their exclusion from the scope of record review.The correct direction for the development of judicial interpretative documents should adhere to the basic principles of upholding corrective justice,strengthening source governance,strictly adjudicating according to law,and enhancing judicial capacity.At the same time,governance mechanisms should be established to strictly clean up judicial interpretative documents,clearly distinguish between“reasoning”and“citation”,abandon the appellation of“judicial interpretative documents”,and expand the scope of record review,in order to regulate and standardize the institutional system of judicial interpretation and maintain the authority and unity of the socialist legal system.

关 键 词：司法解释性质文件 司法解释 司法文件 司法扩权 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]