我国央地立法权限划分的法律技术及其完善  

Legal Technology of the Division of Legislative Powers Between Central and Local Authorities and Its Improvement in Our Country

作　　者：徐清飞 Xu Qingfei

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第4期17-32,共16页Law Science

摘　　要：科学划分央地立法权限是我国国家立法体系化、国家治理现代化的重要体现,需要有相应的法律技术作支撑。既有的央地立法权限划分技术是,地方立法主要以地方性事务为标准,中央事务采取排他性列举技术,设区的市地方性事务主要采取概括式列举性技术,对权限争议和地方越权立法行为通过立法监督技术予以规范。在既有的法律技术下,导致央地立法职责同构下立法权限不清,地方立法事项中决定性与执行性事项难以区分,对不在列举范围内的事项的治理,均为地方立法面临的难题。应当根据国家治理的法律逻辑改进央地立法权限划分的既有法律技术,通过采取负面清单模式,明确地方性事务标准,改进央地立法规则治理技术和立法监督技术,完善央地立法权限划分法律技术,同时探索发展新的法律技术,化解制约央地立法权限划分的结构性问题。The scientific division of the legislative jurisdiction between the central authority and districts is an important manifestation of the systematization of national legislation and the modernization of national governance in China,which requires corresponding legal technology.The existing technology for dividing the legislative jurisdiction between the central authority and districts are that local legislation mainly takes local affairs as the standard,central affairs adopt exclusive enumeration technology,and the local legislation of cities divided into districts mainly adopts generalized enumeration technology.Legislative supervision technology is used to regulate jurisdictional disputes and local legislative acts beyond authority.Under the existing legal technology,local legislation faces the following difficulties,the legislative authority of central and local governments is unclear under the same structure of legislative responsibilities,and it is difficult to distinguish between decisive and executive matters in local legislation,what's more,local enumeration legislative technology makes the matters that are not within the scope of enumeration difficult for local areas to carry out legal governance.We should improve the existing legal technology for the division of the legislative jurisdiction between the central authority and districts based on the legal logic of national governance.By adopting a negative list model,clarifying standards of local affairs,improving the governance and supervision technology of legislative rules in central and local areas,improving the legal technology for the division of the legislative jurisdiction between the central authority and districts,exploring and developing new legal technology to resolve structural problems that restrict the division of the legislative jurisdiction between the central authority and districts.

关 键 词：国家治理 央地立法权限 法律技术 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D927[政治法律—法学]