中国东北地区火烧迹地木生真菌多样性和区系组成  

Species diversity and funga of wood-inhabiting macrofungi in burned areas in northeast China

作　　者：武英达 杨知融 员瑗 WU Yingda;YANG Zhirong;YUAN Yuan(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Prevention,Ministry of Emergency Management,China Fire and Rescue Institute,Beijing 102202,China;The College of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国消防救援学院森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室,北京102202 [3]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《菌物学报》2024年第3期217-228,共12页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32300013)。

摘　　要：分解和火干扰是森林凋落物养分循环的重要生态过程,木生真菌作为分解者在营养物质循环、土壤形成和全球碳平衡中发挥着不可替代的重要作用,火烧迹地这种特殊的生态环境又为木生真菌提供了独特的生长环境。本研究比较分析了我国东北地区的3个火烧迹地木生真菌物种多样性、分布特征和生态习性。调查发现3个火烧迹地木生真菌共15目68科154属248种,其中大兴安岭火烧迹地103种、小兴安岭126种、长白山148种,优势科均为多孔菌科和锈革孔菌科。3个火烧迹地的共有属和共有种分别为34个和33个。在寄主偏好性、区系地理成分方面,3个火烧迹地木生真菌均表现出相似比例和特征,具有明显的寒温带区系特征。物种出现频次方面,3个火烧迹地木生真菌的常见种、偶见种和稀有种虽然数量不同,但其比例相似,其中大兴安岭火烧迹地和小兴安岭火烧迹地的常见种、偶见种和稀有种组成的比例更相近。通过比较分析3个不同过火时间和气候特征的火烧迹地木生真菌物种多样性、寄主偏好性和区系地理成分,发现火干扰和不同恢复时期对木生真菌物种多样性具有一定影响,而植被类型和气候是影响木生真菌区系组成的主要因素。Decomposition and fire disturbance are important ecological processes in the nutrient cycle of forest litter.As decomposers,wood-inhabiting macrofungi play an irreplaceable role in nutrient cycling,soil formation and global carbon balance.Charred wood as a special ecological environment provides an unique growth environment for wood-inhabiting fungi.In this study,the species diversity,distribution characteristics and ecological habits of wood-inhabiting fungi in three burned areas in northeast China were comparatively analyzed.A total of 248 species of wood-inhabiting fungi belonging to 154 genera,68 families,and 15 orders was obtained from the three burned areas.Of these species,103,126 and 148 were found in the Greater Khingan Mountains,the Lesser Khingan Mountains and the Changbai Mountains,respectively.Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae are dominant,and 34 genera and 33 species are common in the three burned areas.Host preference and floristic geographical composition of wood-inhabiting fungi in the three burned areas were more or less similar and the floristic characteristics were obviously boreal.The number of common species,occasional species and rare species of wood-inhabiting fungi in the three burned areas are different,while their proportions are similar.The proportions of common,occasional and rare species are more similar in the burned areas of Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains.It was found that fire disturbance and different restoration periods had a certain impact on the species diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi,while vegetation type and climate were the main factors affecting the floristic composition of wood-inhabiting fungi.

关 键 词：木生真菌 物种多样性 真菌区系 生态习性 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]