影响钙钛矿/异质结叠层太阳能电池效率及稳定性的关键问题与解决方法  

Key issues and solutions affecting efficiency and stability of perovskite/heterojunction tandem solar cells

作　　者：姚美灵 廖纪星 逯好峰 黄强 崔艳峰 李翔 杨雪莹 白杨 Yao Mei-Ling;Liao Ji-Xing;Lu Hao-Feng;Huang Qiang;Cui Yan-Feng;Li Xiang;Yang Xue-Ying;Bai Yang(Cannovation Low Carbon New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd,Changzhou 213000,China;Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]中能创低碳新能源科技(常州)有限责任公司,常州213000 [2]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,深圳518000

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第8期45-61,共17页Acta Physica Sinica

摘　　要：高效且稳定的钙钛矿/异质结叠层太阳能电池是学术界与工业界共同探索的方向,目前小面积叠层太阳能电池效率优势已然非常明显,但在商业化推进过程中,叠层路线在电池结构设计与界面调控、钙钛矿材料选型与优化、器件尺寸放大以及稳定性等方面仍存在许多挑战.本文通过收集相关文献资料,包括实验数据和理论模拟结果,对钙钛矿/异质结叠层太阳能电池的研究现状进行分析,认为未来的研究方向可能涉及叠层顶电池的界面调控及组件互联结构设计等关键问题.因此,文章重点阐述钙钛矿/异质结叠层太阳能电池各关键材料层的优化选型、钙钛矿带隙优化与离子迁移抑制、层间界面传输调控、底电池连接层优化及组件互联与封装方式优化.基于现有研究成果对叠层太阳能电池技术进行了总结和探索展望,旨在为后续叠层太阳能电池结构设计的各关键问题提供方向性解决建议.Efficient and stable perovskite/heterojunction tandem solar cells(PTSC)are a direction of joint exploration in both academia and industry.Achieving efficient solar energy utilization by assembling structural layers with different bandgaps in an optical sequence is the original design strategy for PTSC.Through the reasonable distribution of the absorption spectra of each layer,the photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)of PTSC can theoretically be increased to more than 40%.At present,the efficiency advantage of small-area PTSC is well-established,but there are still many challenges in the commercialization of solar cell efficiency and stability.Therefore,in this work,the two-terminal(2T)and four-terminal(4T)stacking methods are regarded as the main structural routes,and the optimal design of the key structural layers of PTSC,bandgap adjustment,additive regulation,optimization of interlayer transport,and optimization of the module interconnection and encapsulation methods are focused on.Based on the existing research results,the key problems and solutions affecting the efficiency and stability of PTSC are summarized and outlooked,aiming to provide directional solutions to the key problems in the structural design of PTSC.In addition,from the application perspective,it is proposed that before the stability problem of the perovskite is fundamentally solved,the 4T PTSC is more likely to achieve product iteration and industrial efficiency improvement,with the expectation of taking the lead in commercialization.This work emphasizes the popularization and practical application of commercialization,with a perspective that is more in line with the market trend and close to the industrial demand,and is expected to provide an important reference for the commercialization of PTSC in the academic circles.

关 键 词：钙钛矿材料 异质结太阳能电池 两端子与四端子叠层结构 商业化进程 

分 类 号：TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]