办公任务中软颈托对人体生物力学负荷及舒适度的影响  

The Effect of Soft Collar on Human Biomechanical Load and Comfort in Office Tasks

作　　者：宋芯 干静[1] SONG Xin;GAN Jing(School of Mechanical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学机械工程学院,成都610065

出　　处：《科技和产业》2024年第7期86-93,共8页Science Technology and Industry

摘　　要：坐姿办公的普及提高了颈痛的发生率,非医疗建议下的颈部护具使用需求逐渐增加。为了评估软颈托在典型办公任务中的干预作用,探讨其日常使用价值,31名健康受试者分别在佩戴和不佩戴软颈托的情况下,完成规定的坐姿交互任务,记录运动学参数、表面肌电值及主观评价。结果显示:软颈托仅影响个别任务的头颈屈曲角和手腕水平最远运动距离,其余运动学参数无显著差异;不同任务中,竖脊肌、胸锁乳突肌、上斜方肌活动均有所下降;后颈部不适减少,但前颈部新增轻微不适。因此,软颈托不能矫正姿态,但能够降低颈部肌肉负荷和疲劳不适感,且不会对日常造成阻碍,虽然有组织界面压力风险,但仍适合作为日常辅助干预措施被使用。The prevalence of seated office work has increased the incidence of neck pain,and the need for the use of neck collar under non-medical advice has gradually increased.To assess the interventional role of the soft collar in typical office tasks and to explore its value for daily use,31 healthy subjects performed a prescribed seated interaction task with and without wearing a soft collar,and kinematic parameters,surface electromyographic values,and subjective evaluations were recorded.The results show that the soft collar significantly limits neck range of motion,but only affects the head and neck flexion angle and the horizontal farthest movement distance of the wrist for individual tasks,with no significant differences in the remaining kinematic parameters,erector spinae,sternocleidomastoid,and upper trapezius muscle activities are decreased across tasks,posterior neck discomfort is reduced,but slight new discomfort was added in the anterior neck.Thus,soft collar does not correct posture but reduces neck muscle loading and fatigue discomfort,does not interfere with daily life,and is suitable for use as an adjunctive intervention in daily life,although there is a risk of stress at the tissue interface.

关 键 词：颈痛 软颈托 坐姿交互 三维运动学 表面肌电 主观不适 

分 类 号：TB18[一般工业技术]