地方知识产权立法刍议——基于河北省知识产权保护的思考  

Discussion on Local Intellectual Property Legislation:Reflections Based on Intellectual Property Protection in Hebei Province

作　　者：南茜 南振兴 NAN Qian;NAN Zhen-xing

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学 [2]河北省法学会 [3]河北省立法研究会

出　　处：《河北法律职业教育》2024年第2期84-93,共10页

摘　　要：《立法法》规定地方只能开展“执行性”、“地方事务性”和“先行性”三类立法,《民法典》第123条并非地方知识产权立法的域外边界,“先行性立法”使得地方可以在国家立法空白地带,授予“地方知识”以“地方知识产权”。地方立法的补充性、操作性、本土性等特性,以及“不抵触上位法原则”框定的八种取消、缩小、扩大、变更、冲突上位法律规范或者法律原则的行为,使得其只能在其边界内进行“填空式”立法,由此导致其空间“琐碎化”。地方知识产权立法模式已由早期的分散、单一的立法模式,正在转向统一、综合立法为主导,分项、单一立法为主体,分散镶嵌立法为补充的构架。今后地方知识产权立法优化方向应是:“执行性立法”改以“条款法案”方式进行,“地方事务性立法”应是对本地方知识产权治理事项进行“本土化”立法阐释和表达,“先行性立法”要植根于地方知识产权保护急需,为国家立法提供实践样本。The Legislation Law stipulates that local legislation can only engage in three categories:executive,local affairs,and precedent-setting legislation.Article 123 of the Civil Code does not serve as the outer boundary for local intellectual property legislation.Precedent-setting legislation allows localities to grant local knowledge local intellectual property rights in areas where national legislation is lacking.The complementary,operational,and local characteristics of local legislation,as well as the eight types of actions defined by the non-contradiction with superior laws principle—cancellation,reduction,expansion,modification,conflict with superior legal norms or principles—constrain it to conduct only fill-in-the-blank legislation within its boundaries,leading to its spatial fragmentation.The model of local intellectual property legislation has evolved from the early dispersed and singular legislative model to a predominant unified,comprehensive legislative mode,with specific and singular legislation as the main body and dispersed embedded legislation as supplementary framework.The future optimization direction of local intellectual property legislation should be to conduct executive legislation through clause bills,interpret and express local affairs legislation as localization legislation for local intellectual property governance,and root precedent-setting legislation in the urgent need for local intellectual property protection,providing practical samples for national legislation.

关 键 词：知识产权 地方立法 执行性立法 地方事务性立法 

分 类 号：D927[政治法律—法学]