初始含水率和降雨能量对黑土团聚体溅蚀特征的影响  

Impact of Initial Soil Moisture and Rainfall Energy on Splash Erosion

作　　者：张转敏 王彬[1,2] 饶伟[1] 王文刚 ZHANG Zhuanmin;WANG Bin;RAO Wei;WANG Wengang(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Forestry University,Three-gorges Area(Chongqing)Jinyun Forest Eco-system Research Station,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学重庆缙云山三峡库区森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第2期68-75,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977060)。

摘　　要：[目的]为明晰降雨能量和初始含水率对土壤团聚体溅蚀过程机制的影响。[方法]选取东北典型耕层黑土为研究对象,通过人工模拟降雨试验,探讨不同初始含水率、降雨能量和团聚体初始粒径的团粒溅蚀特征。[结果](1)4种初始粒径黑土团聚体的溅蚀量均在初始含水率4%时最大,其中初始粒径<0.25 mm团聚体溅蚀量是相同降雨能量下各粒径团聚体溅蚀量的1.21~5.50倍。随初始含水率的增加各初始粒级团聚体溅蚀量呈减小趋势,而初始含水率>25%后则呈增大现象。(2)4种初始粒径黑土团聚体的溅蚀量均随降雨能量的增加而增大。相较于降雨能量305 J/(m^(2)·h)(1 m)条件,当降雨能量增加至909 J/(m^(2)·h)(5 m)时,不同初始粒径团聚体溅蚀量分别增加15.37~20.70(<0.25 mm),52.30~417.60(0.25~1 mm),51.58~359.36(1~3 mm),68.73~777.99倍(3~5 mm)。不同初始粒径黑土团聚体溅蚀量存在明显的阈值,当降雨能量达到529 J/(m^(2)·h)(2 m)以上时,不同降雨能量梯度下的溅蚀量存在显著差异。(3)降雨能量是影响溅蚀量的关键因素。降雨能量对溅蚀量的直接效应为0.811,存在显著正向影响,且相关程度最高;初始含水率和团聚体初始粒径的直接效应分别为0.193和0.352,存在显著负向影响。[结论]研究结果可为东北黑土区坡面土壤侵蚀过程机制研究和土壤侵蚀机理模型构建提供科学依据。[Objective]To investigate the influence of rainfall energy and initial moisture content on the mechanism of soil aggregate splashing erosion.[Methods]The typical cultivated black soil in northeast China was selected as the research object.Artificial simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to explore the splashing erosion characteristics of soil aggregates with varying initial moisture content,rainfall energy,and initial particle size of aggregates.[Results](1)The splash erosion of the four kinds of black soil aggregates with initial particle size was highest when the initial soil moisture level was 4%,and the splash erosion of the aggregates with an initial particle size<0.25 mm was 1.21 to 5.50 times that of the aggregates with different particle sizes under the same rainfall energy conditions.Furthermore,as the initial soil moisture increased,the splash erosion of the aggregates within each particle size group decreased initially,but increased when the initial soil moisture surpassed 25%.(2)The splash erosion of four initial particle size black soil aggregates increased with the increase of higher rainfall energy.When the rainfall energy reached 909 J/(m^(2)·h)(equivalent to 5 m),the splash erosion of the different-sized black soil aggregates increased by 15.37 to 20.70(<0.25 mm),52.30 to 417.60 times(0.25~1 mm),51.58~359.36 times(1~3 mm),68.73~777.99 times(3~5 mm),respectively.Notably,a clear threshold was observed for splash erosion of aggregates with different initial particle size.When the rainfall energy exceeded 529 J/(m^(2)·h)(equivalent to 2 m),there was a significant difference in splash erosion among different rainfall energy gradient.(3)The analysis highlighted that rainfall energy was the primary factor affecting splash erosion.It exhibited a direct effect with a correlation coefficient of 0.811,demonstrating a significant positive influence.Conversely,the direct effects of initial soil moisture and initial particle size of aggregates were significantly negative,with correlation coefficients

关 键 词：初始含水率 降雨能量 溅蚀量 典型黑土区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]