黄河中游多沙粗沙区土壤水蚀时空变化及动态驱动力分析  

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Dynamic Driving Force of Soil Water Erosion in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River in the Rich and Coarse Sediment Area

作　　者：张卓佩 牛健植[1,2] 樊登星[1,2] 赵春光 苗禹博 杜洲 杨智勇 ZHANG Zhuopei;NIU Jianzhi;FAN Dengxing;ZHAO Chunguang;MIAO Yubo;DU Zhou;YANG Zhiyong(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,Forestry Ecological Engineering,Beijing 100083,China;Ordos Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京100083 [3]鄂尔多斯市水旱灾害防御技术中心,鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第2期85-96,共12页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300804)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示黄河中游多沙粗沙区2000-2020年土壤水蚀时空演变特征,分析其动态驱动力。[方法]基于RUSLE模型,计算多沙粗沙区逐年土壤水蚀模数,分析2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年土壤水蚀强度变化特征,利用Sen+MK趋势分析法结合Hurst指数探究土壤水蚀模数时空变化特征,使用参数最优地理探测器中的因子探测与交互探测量化年平均降水、海拔、坡度、植被覆盖度、土地利用/覆盖类型、土壤类型6个因子对土壤水蚀空间分布的解释力。[结果](1)2000-2020年5期多沙粗沙区中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀面积分别下降48.09%,77.93%,83.01%,36.13%;微度和轻度侵蚀面积分别上升46.22%,0.33%。现阶段多沙粗沙区以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,二者面积占比分别为62.49%,42.07%。(2)多沙粗沙区土壤水蚀模数总体年际变化呈波动显著下降趋势,由2000年的2214.89 t/(km^(2)·a)降至2020年的1169.44 t/(km^(2)·a)。2000-2020年多沙粗沙区土壤水蚀模数空间变化趋势主要表现为下降状态,面积占比为76.13%,未来仍将以下降状态为主,面积占比为62.50%。(3)6个因子间的交互作用解释力均大于单因子,且主要表现为非线性增强和双因子增强;多沙粗沙区土壤水蚀2000-2005年由降水和土地利用/覆盖主导,2010-2020年由植被覆盖度和土地利用/覆盖主导。[结论]2000-2020年多沙粗沙区土壤水蚀状况不断好转;未来共有62.50%的区域土壤水蚀模数为持续下降与未来下降状态,但仍有20.44%的区域存在上升的潜在风险;退耕还林还草工程改变土地利用/覆盖格局,使得多沙粗沙区土壤水蚀驱动力呈动态变化;在今后多沙粗沙区土壤水蚀防治,优化土地利用/覆盖格局时需要充分考虑坡度因子。[Objective]To reveal the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of soil water erosion in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in the rich and coarse sediment area from 2000 to 2020,and analyze its dynamic driving force.[Methods]Based on the RUSLE model,the annual soil water erosion modulus in the rich and coarse sediment area was calculated,and the variation characteristics of soil water erosion intensity in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020 were analyzed.The spatial-temporal characteristics of soil water erosion modulus were explored by using the Sen+MK trend analysis method combined with the Hurst index,and the factor probing in the parameter-optimal geographical detector with the interactive probing were used to quantify the explanatory power of six factors,namely average annual precipitation,elevation,slope,vegetation cover,land use/cover type,and soil type,on the spatial distribution of soil water erosion.[Results](1)The area of moderate,intense,extremely intense and severe erosion in the rich and coarse sediment area decreased by 48.09%,77.93%,83.01%,and 36.13%,respectively,and the area of slight and mild erosion increased by 46.22% and 0.33%,respectively,in the five periods from 2000 to 2020.At the present stage,the sandy and coarse sandy area was dominated by slight and mild erosion,and the proportion of the two was 62.49% and 42.07%respectively.(2)The overall inter-annual change of soil water erosion modulus in the rich and coarse sediment area showed a fluctuating and significant downward trend,from 2214.89 t/(km^(2)·a)in 2000 to 1169.44 t/(km^(2)·a)in 2020.The spatial variation trend of soil water erosion modulus in the rich and coarse sediment area from 2000 to 2020 was mainly in a decreasing state,accounting for 76.13% of the total area,and would continue to be in a decreasing state in the future,with an area share of 62.50%.(3)The explanatory power of the interactions among the six factors was greater than that of single factor,and it was mainly manifested as nonlinear enhancement and double-

关 键 词：多沙粗沙区 RUSLE模型 土壤水蚀 趋势分析 地理探测器 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]