不同厚度降解地膜对坡耕地溶解态氮磷流失的影响  

Effects of Different Thickness of Degradable Plastic Film on the Loss of Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sloping Farmland

作　　者：王凯丽 张含玉[4] 方怒放 刘前进[4] 李靖江[5] WANG Kaili;ZHANG Hanyu;FANG Nufang;LIU Qianjin;LI Jingjiang(The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection,College of Resources and Environment,Linyi University,Linyi,Shandong 276005,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室,临沂大学资源环境学院,山东临沂276005 [5]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第2期406-413,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41701311,42377329,42077061);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MD081);山东省高等学校青年创新团队项目(2022KJ115,LUJIAORENZI20199)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究降解地膜覆盖对径流及溶解态氮磷流失的影响。[方法]利用野外原位径流小区,以覆膜垄作花生种植为研究对象,设置0.003 mm厚聚乙烯普通地膜覆盖处理(PF)和厚度为0.006 mm(BF1),0.008 mm(BF2),0.010 mm(BF3),0.012 mm(BF4)的降解地膜覆盖处理及未覆膜处理(CK),测定不同处理在自然降雨条件下的径流量及径流中铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、速效磷(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)浓度,分析不同厚度降解地膜覆盖条件下径流及养分流失特征。[结果](1)降解地膜降解所需时间随地膜厚度的增加而增加。(2)各处理的累积径流量由小到大为BF1<BF2<BF3<PF<CK<BF4,BF1与BF4之间差异显著(p<0.05)。(3)与CK相比,各覆膜处理均能不同程度减少氮磷累积流失量。其中,BF1处理对NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N流失量的削减效果较好,而BF2处理对PO_(4)^(3-)-P流失量的削减效果较好。(4)在5个覆膜处理中,BF4处理的NO_(3)^(-)-N和PO_(4)^(3-)-P流失量最高,而BF3处理的NH_(4)^(+)-N流失量最高。[结论]研究结果可为防治覆膜坡耕地水土及养分流失、解决农业面源污染等问题提供理论基础,对绿色农业发展和生态可持续发展具有重要意义。[Objective]To explore the effects of degradable mulch film mulching on runoff and loss of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus.[Methods]Polyethylene film mulching(PF)with a thickness of 0.003 mm,degradable film mulching with a thickness of 0.006 mm(BF1),0.008 mm(BF2),0.010 mm(BF3)and 0.012 mm(BF4),and no mulch(CK)were set up.In in-situ runoff plots,using mulching on ridge tillage peanut planting as the study object,the runoff and concentration of ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),and available phosphorus(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)in runoff under natural rainfall conditions were measured,and the runoff and nutrient loss characteristics under different thickness of degradable mulch film were analyzed.[Results](1)The degradation time of degradable film increased with the increase of film thickness.(2)The order of cumulative runoff was BF1<BF2<BF3<PF<CK<BF4,and there was significant difference between BF1 and BF4(p<0.05).(3)Compared with CK,different film mulching can reduce the cumulative loss of nitrogen and phosphorus to varying degrees.BF1 had the most significant effect on reducing the loss of NH 4+-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N,while BF2 had the most significant effect on reducing the loss of PO_(4)^(3-)-P.(4)Among the five laminating treatments,the NO 3--N and PO_(4)^(3-)-P loss in BF4 treatment was the highest,while the NH_(4)^(+)-N loss in BF3 treatment was the highest.[Conclusion]The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of water,soil,and nutrient loss in sloping farmland mulching with plastic film and solving the problems of agricultural non-point source pollution,and have important significance for green agricultural development and ecological sustainable development.

关 键 词：降解地膜厚度 自然降雨 径流 溶解态氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]