碱浸-还原挥发工艺回收镓锗置换渣中镓、锗  

Recovering gallium and germanium from zinc refinery residues by alkaline leachingreduction volatilization process

作　　者：周科华 刘野平 梁彦杰 宋家琪 ZHOU Kehua;LIU Yeping;LIANG Yanjie;SONG Jiaqi(Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonferrous Metals Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen 518040,China;School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司,广东深圳518040 [2]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第2期49-55,共7页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902802)。

摘　　要：镓、锗是重要的稀散金属,从锌冶炼过程中综合回收镓、锗成为该原生金属产量的重要来源。目前主要采用酸浸工艺从镓锗置换渣回收镓、锗,回收率较低,资源利用率低。本文利用镓、锗两性物质的属性,采用碱浸-还原挥发工艺进行了回收镓锗置换渣中镓、锗的试验研究,得到以下主要结论。碱浸试验单因素最佳工艺条件为NaOH浓度4 mol/L、反应温度90℃、液固比8 mL/g、搅拌速度400 r/min,在此条件下,镓锗置换渣中镓、锗浸出率分别达到91.25%和78.95%;强化球磨浸出对镓、锗的浸出率没有改善作用;还原挥发试验的单因素最佳工艺条件为温度1200℃、粉煤配入量30%、挥发时间4 h,在此条件下,碱性浸出残渣中锗的挥发率达到91.02%。该工艺产生的挥发残渣和砷酸钙渣返回火法炼铅系统综合回收铜、砷等有价金属,实现了渣的无害化处理。本文回收镓、锗的方法可为同类企业从锌冶炼工序中回收镓、锗提供参考。Gallium and germanium are important rare metals,and the comprehensive recovery of gallium and germanium from the zinc metallurgy process has become an important source for the metals.At present,acid leaching process is mainly used to recover gallium and germanium,with low recovery rate and resource utilization rate.In this paper,based on the properties of gallium and germanium amphoteric substances,the experimental study on the recovery of gallium and germanium from zinc refinery residues was carried out by alkali leaching reduction volatilization process,andthe following main conclusions are obtained.The single factor optimum process conditions of alkali leaching test are as follows,NaOH concentration 4 mol/L,reaction temperature 90℃,liquid solid ratio 8 mL/g,stirring speed 400 r/min.Under these conditions,the leaching rates of gallium and germanium of zinc refinery residues reach 91.25%and 78.95%,respectively.Enhanced ball milling leaching does not improve the leaching rate of gallium and germanium.The single factor optimum process conditions of reduction volatilization test were as follows,temperature 1200℃,pulverized coal dosage 30%,volatilization time 4 h.Under these conditions,the volatilization rate of germanium in alkaline leaching residue reached 91.02%.The volatile residue and calcium arsenate residue produced by the process are returned to the pyrometallurgical lead smelting system to comprehensively recover valuable metals such as copper and arsenic,and the harmless treatment of the residue is realized.The volatile residue and calcium arsenate residue produced by the process are returned to the pyrometallurgical lead smelting system to comprehensively recover valuable metals such as copper and arsenic.The method of recovering gallium and germanium in this paper can provide reference for similar enterprises to recover gallium and germanium from zinc metallurgy process.

关 键 词：锌冶炼 镓锗置换渣 镓、锗回收 酸性浸出 碱性浸出 氢氧化钠 还原挥发 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF843