超声辅助电积法回收铜镉渣中镉、锌的试验研究  

Study on recovery of cadmium and zinc from coppercadmiumbearing slag by ultrasonicassisted electrowinning

作　　者：陈霞 谢雪珍 李宏钱 刘芯余 CHEN Xia;XIE Xuezhen;LI Hongqian;LIU Xinyu(Guangxi Science&Technology Normal University,Laibin 546199,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科技师范学院,广西来宾546199

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第2期56-62,共7页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFBA159028);广西无机材料绿色制备与应用重点实验室(桂科AD20297139);来宾市金属材料加工与清洁生产重点实验室(来科能193301);广西科技师范学院青年科研创新团队项目(GXKS2020QNTD04);广西科技师范学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目资助(S202111546087);广西科技师范学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目资助(202211546009)。

摘　　要：采用电积置换法回收铜镉渣中镉时,电积过程会产生漂浮海绵镉,导致镉回收效率低,且不利于后续的压团冶炼。本文在分析镉电积的原理基础上,利用超声波的空化作用,进行了超声波辅助镉电积试验,考察了电流密度、温度、超声功率、阴阳极面积比和电积时间等因素对镉回收率的影响,得到以下主要结论。循环伏安测试结果表明,在硫酸盐体系中,电积可将电解液中的镉置换出来,且镉优于锌先电积析出,随着电积的进行,镉外层的锌会部分返溶;有无超声波辅助的镉电积对比试验表明,无超声波辅助时镉回收率为16.25%,且电积出的镉组织蓬松、孔隙多,易漂浮,180 W超声波辅助下镉回收率为25.11%,且电积出的金属镉致密,易掉落;单因素试验结果表明,在电流密度150 A/m^(2)、温度35℃、超声功率240 W、阴阳极板面积比1:3、电积时间2.5 h条件下,浸出液中镉回收率能达到100%;不同温度的电化学试验表明,温度升高有利于镉的析出,而且析出的金属锌易被氧化溶解,金属镉难被氧化溶解,从而提高镉的回收率和纯度。When the electrowinning displacement method is used to recover cadmium from Coppercadmiumbearing Slag,the electrowinning process will produce floating sponge cadmium,which leads to low cadmium recovery efficiency and is not conducive to the subsequent briquetting and smelting.Based on the analysis of the principle of cadmium electrowinning,the experiment of ultrasoundassisted cadmium electrowinning was carried out by using the cavitation of ultrasonic.The effects of current density、temperature、ultrasonic power、area ratio of cathode to anode and electrowinning time on the recovery rate of cadmium were investigated,and the following main conclusions were obtained.The results of cyclic voltammetry test show that cadmium in the electrolyte can be replaced by electrodepositionin the sulfate system,andthe precipitation of cadmium is better than thezinc,and zinc in the outer layer of cadmium will be partially dissolvedin the progress of electrowinning;The comparison test of cadmium electrodeposition with and without ultrasonic assistance showed that,the recovery rate of cadmium was 16.25%without ultrasonic assistance,and the electrodeposited cadmium was fluffy,porous and easy to float.The recovery rate of cadmium was 25.11%with 180 W ultrasonic assistance,and the electrodeposited cadmium was dense and easy to fall off;The results of single factor experiment show that:the recovery rate of cadmium in leaching solution can reach 100%under the conditions of current density of 150 A/m^(2),temperature of 35℃,ultrasonic power of 240 W,area ratio of anode to cathode plate of 1:3,and electrowinning time of 2.5 h;The electrochemical experiments at different temperatures show that the increase of temperature is beneficial to the precipitation of cadmium,and the precipitated zinc is more easily oxidized and dissolved,cadmium is more difficult to oxidize and dissolve,thus improving the recovery rate and purity of cadmium.

关 键 词：铜镉渣 镉回收 电积 锌粉置换 海绵镉 超声波 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF819.2