涉外家事诉讼的不方便法院变体与规范检视  

Variant of Forum Non Conveniens and Its Regulation in Foreign-related Family Litigation

作　　者：杜焕芳[1] 阮昊翔 Du Huanfang;Ruan Haoxiang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《法学杂志》2024年第2期75-95,F0002,共22页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金重大项目“中国法域外适用法律体系建设重大理论与实践问题研究”(项目批准号:23XNL002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为涉外法治的重要一环,我国民事诉讼法涉外编进行该法颁布后的首次实质性修改,其中新增的第282条昭示我国终在立法层面确立不方便法院这一重要的管辖权协调工具。追求便利与正义司法目的之不方便法院源起于英美法系,在长时间发展中已超越法系的界限,并在具体适用层面呈现各异。《海牙儿童保护公约》及《布鲁塞尔条例Ⅱ》即基于其适用领域、法律传统及自身性质,在家事诉讼领域实现不方便法院的变体,此为我国相应制度的检视提供了现实参照。此外,全球化浪潮下的人权发展与我国涉外法治体系建设,都对不方便法院提出了更高要求,尤其是在涉外家事诉讼领域。基于现实参照与时代需求的检视,我国当前立法所确立的不方便法院制度难言完备,涉外家事诉讼领域中的相关立法完善与国际合作的实现将是亟待开展的工作。The foreign-related chapter of China's Civil Procedure Law,as an important part of the foreign-related rule of law,was substantially revised for the first time since the enact-ment of the law,in which the new article 282 shows that China has finally established,at the leg-islative level,forum non conveniens,an important jurisdictional harmonization tool in internation-al civil litigation.Forum non conveniens,which originated in the common law in pursuit of con-venience and justice,has transcended the boundaries of common law after a long development pe-riod and has been applied differently in specific aspects.1996 Child Protection Convention and the Brussels Il Regulation,based on their application field,legal tradition and their own nature,have implemented variants of forum non conveniens in family litigation,which provides a practical reference for the review of the relevant regime in China.Moreover,the development of human rights under globalization and the construction of China's foreign-related rule of law framework have put forward higher requirements for forum non conveniens,especially in the field of foreign-related family litigation.Based on the review under the practical reference and the era's needs,forum non conveniens established by China's legislation is far from comprehensive.After the first step of establishing such a regime in legislation,the improvement of relevant legislation and inter-national cooperation in the field of foreign-related family litigation shall be an urgent task.

关 键 词：不方便法院 涉外家事诉讼 《海牙儿童保护公约》 《布鲁塞尔条例Ⅱ》 

分 类 号：D997.3[政治法律—国际法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]